Nutrition Ch 11 A closer look

Choose the food items that would most likely comprise an atherogenic diet, or a diet that increases the likelihood of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Check all that apply.

Hamburger

Bacon

Doughnuts

French fries

Beef liver

The graph represents a dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality. Three labels are missing from the horizontal axis. Select the correct option for these missing axis labels in the questions that follow the graph.

A. Low fruit and vegetable consumption

B. Moderate fruit and vegetable consumption

C. High fruit and vegetable consumption

MyPlate suggests that dietary protein and dairy foods should generally be _________ in fat. However, some fats increase one's risk for disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. Foods including pizza, ice cream, burgers, and sausage are all _______ in saturated fat and should therefore be limited in the diet.

Low; high

All of the following are risk factors of a diet high in saturated fat except:

Hypoglycemia

Low LDL cholesterol

Low blood cholesterol

For example, if a plaque or a blood clot blocks blood flow to the muscles of the heart, parts of the muscle tissue can die, resulting in ______________ .

a heart attack

Atherosclerosis plaque development in order

1. An injury to the interior blood vessel wall triggers an inflammatory response.

2. As part of the body's effort to heal the initial blood vessel damage, LDL accumulates in the vessel wall. The cholesterol in the LDL becomes oxidized.

3. Oxidized LDL in the vessel wall attracts white blood cells called monocytes, which enter the cell wall and increase the inflammatory response.

4. Once the monocytes enter the vessel wall, they enlarge and become macrophages. The macrophages engulf oxidized LDL until they become fat-packed cells called foam cells. When foam cells collect in the vessel wall, they begin to form a fatty streak.

5. As the fatty streak grows, smooth muscle cells migrate from deeper inside the vessel wall to the interior surface of the vessel wall. These smooth muscle cells enlarge and contribute to the expanding plaque.

6. The bulging, mature plaque made of inflamed tissue and fatty deposits can grow so large that it obstructs the flow of blood. Sometimes the plaque is hardened by calcium deposits, which further limits the flexibility and blood flow of the blood vessel.

According to MyPlate, approximately half of an individual's plate at a meal should consist _________. Current evidence suggests that low fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with mortality, particularly mortality from cardiovascular disease and some cancers.

fruits and vegetables

Choose the food items that would be healthy food choices in a dietary approach to decreasing the likelihood of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Check all that apply.

Tofu

Orange juice

Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease? Check all that apply.

Chewing tobacco

High blood HDL

Diabetes

Family history

Increasing age

Being male

Chewing tobacco

High blood HDL

Diabetes

For example, if a plaque or a blood clot blocks blood flow to a section of the brain, brain cells can die, resulting in

a stroke