Terminos Gramaticales

Los Cognadas

• Cognates are Spanish words that are spelled exactly like English.

• You can use the cognates to infer meanings while reading.

• For cognates, the pronunciation of the word can be different in Spanish than in English.

• Be careful with false cognates!

ex. of cognates: cafeteria, color, chocolate, banjo

El Infinitivo

• Verbs are in there rawest form, before adding conjugations or people

• You would conjugate these types of verbs

Conjugación

• A conjugations shows your:

  • tiempo/cuándo (time)

  • persona/quién (yo, tú, él, ella, ud., nosotros, vosotros, ellas, ellos, uds) (person or who)

  • numero/cuantas (personas? singular o plural) (how many people, singular or plural)

  • modo (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) (mood - present or past, wishes or desire, commands)

El Pronombre Personal del Sujeto

• Singular (1^ra , 2^ra , 3^ra ) (1st, 2nd, 3rd person)

• Plural (1^ra , 2^ra , 3^ra ) (1st, 2nd, 3rd person)

El Verbo

• The verb is a word that indicates the action and the subject within the sentence

• There are regular and irregular verbs

• Another rule - Y becomes E when Y precedes a word that begins with the I sound or -hie

El Sustantivos

• A sustantivo (noun) is a word that is used to mention a person, animal or thing

• The nouns change according to their gender and number

El Genero del Los Sustantivos

• The nouns in spanish have a feminine and masculine form

• The masculine nouns end in -E or -O

• The feminine nouns end in -A

Sustantivos Masculinos

Masculine nouns usually end in

-L, -O, -N, -E, -R, -S (Corazón, carro, planes)

-MA, -PA, -TA (problema, clima, mapa, planeta)

Sustantivo Femeninos

Femenine nouns usually end in

-A, -DAD, -TAD, -ED, -SIÓN, -CIÓN, -DEZ, -TIS, -IZ, -IE, -Z (casa, amistad, pared, misión)

Sustantivos Masculinos y Femeninos

Exceptions: el agua, el día, el sofá, la mano, la tele, la foto

Sustantivos de Género Ambiguo

The article you place in front of a noun will change the meaning of it.

• ‘el cura’ - the priest, ‘la cura’ - the cure

• ‘el papá’ - father, ‘la papá’ - potato, ‘el papa’ - the pope

Los Artículos

• Definides - a, an (english) = un/una, unos/unos (español)

• Indefinidos - The (english) = el/la, los/las (español)

• Contracciones - a+el = al de+el = del

Los Pronombres Reflexivos

me, te, se, nos, os, se

Los Pronombres DOP (Direct Object Pronoun)

me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las

Los Pronombres IOP (Indirect Object Pronoun)

me, te, le, nos, os, les

Los Pronombres Gustar

a mi me, a tí te, a el/ella/ud le, a nosotros nos, a vosotros os, a ellos/as/uds les