Key Concepts in Biology

Flashcards covering essential vocabulary and concepts related to cell biology, including differences between cell types and structures.

Eukaryotic cells

Complex cells that include all animal and plant cells.

Prokaryotic cells

Smaller and simpler cells, e.g., bacteria.

Nucleus

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.

Cell membrane

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Mitochondria

Site of the reactions for respiration, which transfers energy the cell needs.

Ribosomes

Involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.

Chloroplasts

Where photosynthesis occurs, containing chlorophyll.

Cell wall

Rigid structure made of cellulose that supports and strengthens the plant cell.

Plasmid DNA

Small loops of extra DNA in bacterial cells that can carry genes for drug resistance.

Flagellum

A long, hair-like structure that helps bacteria move towards nutrients and away from toxins.