Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Basics week 1 review

Mental Health

A state of well-being where individuals reach potential, cope with normal stress, and work productively.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Explains mental illness as a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress.

Resilience

The ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being and regulate emotions.

Mental Health Parity Act

Requires insurance providers to give equal coverage for psychiatric disorders compared to physical illnesses.

DSM-5

Official medical guidelines by the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders.

Id (Freud's Personality Structure)

Operates on the pleasure principle and reflex action, seeking immediate gratification.

Ego (Freud's Personality Structure)

The problem solver and reality tester of the personality structure.

Superego (Freud's Personality Structure)

The moral component of the personality derived from societal and parental standards.

Hildegard Peplau

Applied interpersonal concepts to nursing, emphasizing the nurse as participant-observer to reduce patient anxiety.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Prioritizes human needs from physiological up to self-actualization to guide nursing care.

Therapeutic Use of Self

Conscious use of one's personality and communication skills to establish relatedness and structure interventions.

Transference

Patient unconsciously displaces feelings and behaviors from past figures onto the nurse.

Countertransference

Nurse unconsciously displaces feelings from their past onto the patient, often marked by overidentification.

Peplau's Preorientation Phase

Researching patient history, self-assessing feelings, and anticipating ground rules before meeting.

Peplau's Orientation Phase

Establishing rapport, defining parameters, clarifying confidentiality, and discussing termination expectations.

Double-Bind Messages

Mutually contradictory messages usually given by a person in power.

Process Recording

A written verbatim record of a nurse-patient session used to analyze communication patterns.

ANA Standards of Nursing Practice (Step 1)

Assessment, involving the collection of comprehensive health and psychosocial data.

Mental Status Examination (MSE)

Evaluates current cognitive and emotional functioning, including appearance, mood, and thought processes.

Serotonin (5-HT)

Monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, libido, and impulse control.

GABA

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that reduces anxiety and excitation.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Exaggerations of normal functions, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Absences of normal functions, including affective flattening, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

Emergency condition marked by severe muscle rigidity, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability, and altered mental status.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Persistently depressed mood or anhedonia for at least 2 weeks with 5+ DSM-5 criteria symptoms.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Antidepressants like fluoxetine and sertraline; risk serotonin syndrome.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Antidepressants that can trigger a hypertensive crisis when ingested with tyramine-rich foods.