Gentics exam 3

What is the correct order of gene expression events?

Transcription → Translation → Protein Folding

Which molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

What is the function of the promoter in gene expression?

Binds RNA polymerase to start transcription

Which of the following is added to the 3′ end of mRNA during processing?

Poly-A tail

What is the start codon sequence, and what amino acid does it code for?

AUG – Methionine

What structure forms the core of ribosomes?

rRNA

Which part of tRNA recognizes and binds to the codon on mRNA?

Anticodon

Which of the following is removed from pre-mRNA during RNA processing?

Introns

What type of bond links two amino acids together?

Peptide bond

Which structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Primary structure

What helps fold a polypeptide into a functional shape?

Chaperone

What is the N-terminus of a polypeptide?

The end with a free amino group

Which of the following describes a proteome?

All proteins present in a cell at a given time

What type of molecule results from the translation process?

Protein

Which of the following is a functional consequence of a change in protein structure?

Change in phenotype

Which disorder results from the inability to break down homogentisic acid?

Alkaptonuria

Which mutation results in a premature stop codon?

Nonsense mutation

What mutation causes a shift in the codon reading frame?

Frameshift mutation

A mutation that changes one amino acid to another is called:

Missense mutation

What does epigenetics study?

Chemical modifications that affect gene expression

What is methylation in genetics?

Addition of a methyl group to DNA

What term refers to the chemical state of a cell's DNA and histones?

Epigenome

Which molecule can silence gene expression by binding mRNA?

RNA interference (RNAi)

Which term describes the expansion of repeated sequences like CAG in a gene?

Trinucleotide repeat

What is a mutagen?

Agent that causes mutations

What is the unit of radiation exposure used to measure damage in humans?

Rem

Which of the following is an inborn error of metabolism?

Galactosemia

Which of the following is true about essential amino acids?

They must be obtained from the diet.