Urinary Clinical Apsects

Acidosis

excessive acidity of body fluids, pH below 7.35

bacteriuria

presence of bacteria in the urine

cast

a solid copy of the shape of an renal tubule

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder; usually due to infection

dysuria

painful or difficult urination

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

hematuria

blood in the urine

hydronephrosis

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys due to collection of fluid in renal pelvis caused by obstruction

Hypokalemia

deficient potassium in the blood

Hyponatremia

deficient sodium in the blood

hypoproteinemia

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood

Hypernatremia

high sodium in the blood

nephrotic syndrome

characterized by massive proteinuria caused by glomerular damage.

oliguria

low urine output

proteinuria

protein in the urine

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney usually caused by infection

pyuria

pus in the urine

renal colic

an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone

renal failure

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

uremia

Severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood. Eventually brain functions will be impaired.

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection

urinary stasis

stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation

catheterization

insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye

cytoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

dialysis

The diffusion of small solutes through a selectively permeable membrane.

hemodialysis

A technique in which an artificial kidney machine removes waste products from the blood

intravenous pyelography/urography

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

lithotrpsy

surgical crushing of unwanted stones that may form in the kidneys or gallbladder

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Urinalysis

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

cytectomy

removal of all or part of the bladder

lithotomy

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder

renal transplant

replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney