APHUG 1.1

Maps

Symbolic representation of space used to study and analyze interactions.

Reference Map

Shows locations of geographic areas.

Cartographers

Map makers.

Thematic Map

Visualizes data on a specific topic or theme.

Choropleth Map

Represents global population distribution.

Dot-Density Map

Illustrates population density, with each dot representing 100,000 people.

Projection

Method of transforming a 3D world into a 2D form factor.

Cartogram Map

Size corresponds to a country’s population size.

Fuller Projection

Minimizes distortion in map representation.

Mercator Projection

Transforms a sphere to a cylinder, distorting areas farther from the center.

Mental Maps

Internalized representations of locations and paths.

Geography

Study of how space is used and the factors affecting its use.

Physical Geography

Focuses on natural processes and distribution of factors.

Human Geography

Examines events and processes that shape understanding and use of Earth.

Environmental Geography

Intersection of physical and human geography.

Spatial Perspective

Analyzes where and why things are located.

Food Desert

Area with low income and low access to high-quality supermarkets.

Geographic Analysis

Tool for solving problems and making decisions.

Geographic Inquiry

Process of arriving at conclusions through questioning and resource exploration.

Map Scale

Mathematical relationship between map size and real-world size.

Absolute Distance

Measured using a unit of length.

Relative Distance

Measured in terms of other things (e.g., time, currency).

Absolute Direction

Cardinal directions (north, south, east, west).

Relative Direction

Perceptions of location (e.g., left, right).

Clustering

Close proximity of objects or phenomena.

Dispersal

Spread out arrangement of objects or phenomena.

Location

Position something occupies on Earth.

Absolute Location

Exact location measured in longitude and latitude.

Relative Location

Description of location in relation to other places.

Meridian

Circle of constant longitude passing through a given place.

Arctic Circle

Latitude at 66 degrees 34' N.

Tropic of Cancer

Latitude at 23 degrees 26' N.

Equator

Latitude at 0 degrees.

Tropic of Capricorn

Latitude at 23 degrees 26' S.

Antarctic Circle

Latitude at 66 degrees 34' S.

Longitude

Lines running north to south, measured from east to west.

Latitude

Lines running east to west, measured from north to south.

Space

Area between two or more things.

Place

Location distinguished by physical and human characteristics.

Site

Absolute location and physical characteristics of a place.

Situation

Connections to other places.

Distribution

Arrangement of things in space.

Density

Number of things in a given area.

Pattern

Arrangement of things in space.

Flow

Movement of people, goods, and information.

Distance Decay

Decrease in interaction with increasing distance.

Friction of Distance

Time, effort, and cost required to overcome distance.

Time-Space Compression

Shrinking of relative distance due to advancements in transportation and communication.

Topography

Shape of the land’s surface, including hills, mountains, and valleys.

Spatial Patterns

Arrangement and distribution of objects or phenomena in space.

Spatial Relationships

How objects are located in relation to other reference objects.

Elevation

Altitude of a place above or below sea level.