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North-South Divide
economic gap between the northern “rich” and the southern “poor”
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
goods produced within a domestic territory
GNP (Gross National Product)
goods produced by citizens of a country
Economic Competition
function of the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the factor productivity level in a country
Institution
trust in government, laws, and rulesIn
Infrastructure
roads, bridges, public transport
Macroeconomic environment
stable economy with low debt and controlled inflation
Innovation
new ideas and inventions
Business Sophistication
efficient and well-managed businesses
Technological Readiness
adoption and access to modern technology
Market size
size of the domestic and export markets
Financial market development
a strong banking system
Health & primary education
healthy people and basic education for all
Goods market efficiency
fair competition and good business policies
Higher education and training
quality and quantity of advanced education and job skills
Labour market efficiency
fair wages, worker rights, and job opportunities
HDI (Human Development Index)
used to measure a country’s overall achievement; standard of living
Most Developed Countries (MDC)
richest, most industrialized and democratic nations of the world
Less Developed Countries (LDC)
little industrial development, little wealth, and high population growth
Least Developed Countries (LLDC)
very low per capita income, low literacy rates, and very little in the way of manufacturing industries
Catch-up States
states who are able to adapt to economic environment driven primarily by Globalization
Lagger States
states who finds it hard to adapt to the globalized economic environment.
Region
group of countries in the same geographically specified area (group)
Regionalization
the “societal integration" and the often undirected process of social and economic interaction (grouping)
Globalization
connecting the world’s economies for free trade and economic policies
Internalization
producing goods or delivering services that can enter international markets and have globally accepted standards
Regionalism
set of conscious activities carried out by states within a region to cooperate
State regionalism
political, economic, and cultural subdivision or groupings within a specific state
Interstate Regionalism
state-to-state interaction
Media
means of conveying something, such as a channel of communication
Oral Communication
the use of language allowed humans to cooperate and share information
Script
written and permanent human codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practices
Printing Press
started the “information revolution”; mass production of printed materials to spread information
Electronic Media
radio, television, videotapes
Digital Media
electronic media that rely on digital code
Westernization
the adaptation of influence of western (european) culture among societies across the globe
Glocalization
combination of “globalization” and “localization”
Consumerism Theory
states people consume goods and services in large quantities will be better off
Consumerism
deriving joy through consuming
Materialism
deriving joy through purchasing and possessing material things
Global Imaginary
the globe itself as an imagined community
Global Village
Marshall McLuhan; media have connected the world in ways that create a global village
Media and Economic Globalization
media fosters the conditions for global capitalism
Media and Political Globalization
though media corporations are themselves powerful political actors, individual journalists are subject to intimidation as more actors contend for power
CNN Effect
theory that 24-hour news networks influence the general political and economic climate
Media and Cultural Globalization
media are the carriers of culture and it generates numerous and on-going interactions
Cultural Differentialism
cultures are different, strong, and resilient
Cultural Convergence
globalization will bring about a growing sameness of cultures
Cultural Imperialism
values and culture would overwhelm all others
Cultural Hybridity
globalization will bring about an increasing blending or mixture of cultures
Three elements to fake news
Mistrust
Misinformation
Manipulation
Types of Fake News
Clickbait
Propaganda
Satire/Parody
Sloppy Journalism
Misleading Headings
Biased/Slanted News
Religion
collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and world views that establish symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values
Christianity
centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ
Islam
Their God is Allah; came from the root Arabic letters s-l-m which means peace
Hinduism
has many Gods and embraces many religious ideas; compilation of many traditions and philosophies
Buddhism
worships Buddha; believes that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever
Religious fundamentalism
the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet, and/or God
Biblical Literalists
take the Bible literally
Dominionists
want the bible to be the basis for ALL laws
Catholic Interalists
want Church teachings to be the basis for ALL laws
Religious extremism
beliefs and actions that support violence to attain religious goals
Global Migration
moving from one place to another; a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, in order to find work
Emigrants
when a person freely chooses to move to another place
Push-Pull Factor
a factor in the destination country that attracts people to a new place largely because the opportunities presented in the new location were not available to them previously
Alpha City
plays a significant role in the global economic system
Urban Center
is needed to be considered a global city
Cosmopolitanism
derived from the Greek word kosmopilites, meaning “a citizen of the world”; ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality
Global Power City Index (GPCI)
economy
research n development
cultural interaction
livability
environment
accessibility
