TCW Finals

North-South Divide

economic gap between the northern “rich” and the southern “poor”

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

goods produced within a domestic territory

GNP (Gross National Product)

goods produced by citizens of a country

Economic Competition

function of the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the factor productivity level in a country

Institution

trust in government, laws, and rulesIn

Infrastructure

roads, bridges, public transport

Macroeconomic environment

stable economy with low debt and controlled inflation

Innovation

new ideas and inventions

Business Sophistication

efficient and well-managed businesses

Technological Readiness

adoption and access to modern technology

Market size

size of the domestic and export markets

Financial market development

a strong banking system

Health & primary education

healthy people and basic education for all

Goods market efficiency

fair competition and good business policies

Higher education and training

quality and quantity of advanced education and job skills

Labour market efficiency

fair wages, worker rights, and job opportunities

HDI (Human Development Index)

used to measure a country’s overall achievement; standard of living

Most Developed Countries (MDC)

richest, most industrialized and democratic nations of the world

Less Developed Countries (LDC)

little industrial development, little wealth, and high population growth

Least Developed Countries (LLDC)

very low per capita income, low literacy rates, and very little in the way of manufacturing industries

Catch-up States

states who are able to adapt to economic environment driven primarily by Globalization

Lagger States

states who finds it hard to adapt to the globalized economic environment.

Region

group of countries in the same geographically specified area (group)

Regionalization

the “societal integration" and the often undirected process of social and economic interaction (grouping)

Globalization

connecting the world’s economies for free trade and economic policies

Internalization

producing goods or delivering services that can enter international markets and have globally accepted standards

Regionalism

set of conscious activities carried out by states within a region to cooperate

State regionalism

political, economic, and cultural subdivision or groupings within a specific state

Interstate Regionalism

state-to-state interaction

Media

means of conveying something, such as a channel of communication

Oral Communication

the use of language allowed humans to cooperate and share information

Script

written and permanent human codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practices

Printing Press

started the “information revolution”; mass production of printed materials to spread information

Electronic Media

radio, television, videotapes

Digital Media

electronic media that rely on digital code

Westernization

the adaptation of influence of western (european) culture among societies across the globe

Glocalization

combination of “globalization” and “localization”

Consumerism Theory

states people consume goods and services in large quantities will be better off

Consumerism

deriving joy through consuming

Materialism

deriving joy through purchasing and possessing material things

Global Imaginary

the globe itself as an imagined community

Global Village

Marshall McLuhan; media have connected the world in ways that create a global village

Media and Economic Globalization

media fosters the conditions for global capitalism

Media and Political Globalization

though media corporations are themselves powerful political actors, individual journalists are subject to intimidation as more actors contend for power

CNN Effect

theory that 24-hour news networks influence the general political and economic climate

Media and Cultural Globalization

media are the carriers of culture and it generates numerous and on-going interactions

Cultural Differentialism

cultures are different, strong, and resilient

Cultural Convergence

globalization will bring about a growing sameness of cultures

Cultural Imperialism

values and culture would overwhelm all others

Cultural Hybridity

globalization will bring about an increasing blending or mixture of cultures

Three elements to fake news

• Mistrust

• Misinformation

• Manipulation

Types of Fake News

• Clickbait

• Propaganda

• Satire/Parody

• Sloppy Journalism

• Misleading Headings

• Biased/Slanted News

Religion

collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and world views that establish symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values

Christianity

centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ

Islam

Their God is Allah; came from the root Arabic letters s-l-m which means peace

Hinduism

has many Gods and embraces many religious ideas; compilation of many traditions and philosophies

Buddhism

worships Buddha; believes that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever

Religious fundamentalism

the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet, and/or God

Biblical Literalists

take the Bible literally

Dominionists

want the bible to be the basis for ALL laws

Catholic Interalists

want Church teachings to be the basis for ALL laws

Religious extremism

beliefs and actions that support violence to attain religious goals

Global Migration

moving from one place to another; a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, in order to find work

Emigrants

when a person freely chooses to move to another place

Push-Pull Factor

a factor in the destination country that attracts people to a new place largely because the opportunities presented in the new location were not available to them previously

Alpha City

plays a significant role in the global economic system

Urban Center

is needed to be considered a global city

Cosmopolitanism

derived from the Greek word kosmopilites, meaning “a citizen of the world”; ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality

Global Power City Index (GPCI)

• economy

• research n development

• cultural interaction

• livability

• environment

• accessibility