Chapter 5: Social Dimension of Globalization

Underscores the importance of people as one of the critical elements in extending the practice of globalization across the international community.

Social Dimension of Globalization

they viewed the social dimension of globalization as the possible impact of globalization on the life and work of people, their families, and their societies in general. They pointed out that any analysis about the possible impact of globalization - to the life and work of people - falls between the continuum of two opposing polar views.

Bernhard Gunter and Rolph Van Der Hoeven (2004)

the study of the growth, structure, and composition of human populations.

Demography

The incidence of childbearing in the population of a country.

Fertility

one of the major occurrences in the history of the human population that featured fertility in an all time high. It is also this event that placed the developed countries as the main contributors to the dramatic increase in the human population after the Second World War.

"Baby-boom" event

the incidence of death in the population of a specific country.

Mortality

the movement of people into and out of a particular country

Migration

occurs normally among developed countries where good opportunities exist and entice people from other countries to move or settle permanently.

Immigration

happens in several developing countries where the standard of living is difficult and people often leave to look for greener pastures in order to improve their lives.

Emigration

argued that the growth in the human population of a particular community reflects a pattern of development. The growth in the population of the community has already reached its peak to the point that its increase has already normalized.

Demographic Transition Theory

argued that the increase in the human population will result to social disorder. The uncontrollable rise in the number of the human population will generate more people to feed beyond the capabilities of most countries.

Malthusian Theory

a general term that covers all kinds of physical movement.

Mobility

refers to a short-term, repetitive or cyclic movement of people that does not intend to make a long-term change in the place of destination.

Circulation

the individuals or groups who pass throug other territories without permanently settling in them.

Non-immigrants

includes those people who intend to settle permanently in other territories and engage in several economic and socia activities to make themselves productive.

Immigrants

The country became the main source of immigrants and in the latter part of the 19th century, a total of 1.4 million Europeans were crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the United States of America annually

United Kingdom

The favorable factors ordinarily exist in the place of destination

Pull factors

The unfavorable factors live in the place of origin.

Push factors

the terrain where a multiplicity of globalization processes assume concrete, localized forms.

Global City

refers to "the interactions that take place among different people and institutions in two or more separate containers or nation-states"

Transnationalism

a "set of principles that can be universally shared and form the basis for the protection and nurturing of each person's equal interest in the determination of the institutions that govern his or her life".

Cosmopolitanism

the principal container of several political, economic, and social developments in the international community.

World city

Characteristics of Global City

As a __________, the global city serves as the ideal spot for the leading financial institutions and large stock markets. New York for example is the center where the best financial institutions JP Morgan Chase and Goldman Sachs are located.

financial center

Characteristics of Global City

As a ______________, the global city houses the political capital of several countries in the international community. London is currently the place where the British Parliament, the Westminster, is located.

Seat of Political Power

Characteristics of Global City

The global city is also a familiar site for several institutions of ___________. New York for example houses a number of prestigious academic institutions like Columbia University, Cornell University, and Fordham University.

[Center for] Higher Learning

Characteristics of Global City

The global city is also considered as a _____________. This is apparently influenced by the movement of people who bring with them their respective cultures from their own countries.

Melting pot of different cultures

six multi-dimensional criteria in measuring the competitiveness of the different global cities according to the Mori Memorial Foundation

economy, research and development, environment, livability, accessibility, and cultural interaction.

reinforces globalization with all the values, beliefs, behavior, and other objects shared and practiced by a large number of people.

Culture

supports the idea that cultures are fundamentally different from one another in spite of a number of similarities connecting each one of them.

Cultural differentialism

focuses on the merging of cultures that comes as a result of the different processes of globalization.

Cultural hybridization

refer to individuals or groups who are always on the move

Ethnoscapes

pertain to the electronic capability of institutions in producing and transmitting information around the globe.

Mediascapes

refer to the movement of capitals in the international market at great speed.

Financescapes

pertain to technology and materials that move freely and quickly around the globe.

Technoscape

are like mediascapes but the images that are produced are all related to politics and aligned with the existing ideology of the nation-state.

Ideoscapes

Appadurai's five scapes or flows are:

ethnoscapes, technoscapes, ideoscapes, financescapes, and mediascapes.

underscores the idea of homogeneity among the disparate cultures in the international community.

Cultural convergence

the spread of western capitalist culture to every part of the globe and the consequent threat of the loss of distinct non-western cultural tradition

Cultural imperialism

"a social institution that involves beliefs and practices anchored on a conception of the sacred"

Religion

it is causing the decline of religion that started with the rise of the modern society. It pertains to the unexpected decline in the historical importance of religion that left an indelible mark in the influence of the institution.

Secularization

It is giving religion with new means of coping with the strenuous challenges of the modern times. It has endowed religion with fresh roles and identities to continue engaging the forces of globalization in the contemporary world.

Revitalization

a conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accommodation in favor of restoring traditional religion

Religious fundamentalism

"the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male and female"

Gender

Made the initial pitch in 1975 by launching the First World Conference on Women in Mexico in spite of the existing tensions between the two superpowers-the United States of America and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Cold War.

The Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)

The Philippines according to the World Economic Forum is ranked at number ____ in the incidence of gender-based disparity with the score of 0.79%.

8

refer to the disadvantaged descendants of those peoples that inhabited a territory prior to the creation of a state. They include a characteristic that relates the identity of a group of people to a particular area and distinguishes them culturally from all other people

Indigenous people

one of the most popular groups in the list of indigenous peoples that have survived the harsh realities of the contemporary time. They played a prominent role in the 17th century for controlling the eastern part of North America and has made since then a reputation for political and military expertise.

Mohawk of the United States of America

another group of indigenous people that settled permanently in the rich island of New Zealand. Known for its colorful artworks and tattoos, they occupied the island that was also blessed with rich agricultural soils and superb fishing

Maori

inhabited the northernmost large island of Hokkaido, Japan. Their lifestyle resembles the indigenous people of Northern America where they harvest large quantities of fish and dry them for consumption during winter season.

Ainu

the generic term that refers to the indigenous people from the Cordillera mountain range in the northern part of Luzon. The word literally means "people from the mountains".

Igorot

refers to the indigenous people of Mindanao that makes up the largest ethnic group in the Philippines. It can be divided further into 18 sub-groups that are scattered throughout the Mindanao region.

Lumad

refers to the indigenous people that settled permanently in the areas of Mindoro and Sibuyan Island.

Mangyan

a generic term that pertains to the indigenous people living in different regions of the country. This group can be easily recognized as it is composed of members with short, dark skin, and curly hair.

Negrito

pertains to "the reduction and eventual eradication of war as well as the control and resolution of violent conflict by peaceful means".

Peace studies

He initiated the creation of the Peace Research Institute of Oslo (PRIO) in 1959. He was a dedicated Norwegian sociologist who received an exhaustive training and exposure from the United States of America. He supported the idea of the European scholars in promoting peace studies contrary to conflict studies that was gaining popularity among their American counterparts.

Johan Galtung

refers to the absence of wars while others think of the concept as more than the abandonment of conflicts.

Peace

refers primarily to the absence of war and actual physical violence

Negative peace

pertains to the existence of a just and an orderly society

Positive peace