Biosignaling- Corso

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22 Terms

1
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Endocrine signaling is ___________________.

a. cell to cell

b. inside the cell

c. at a distance

c

2
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Paracrine signaling is _______________________.

a. cell to cell

b. inside the cell

c. at a distance

a

3
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Autocrine signaling is ___________________.

a. cell to cell

b. inside the cell

c. at a distance

b

4
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What is an example of a hormone that uses nuclear receptors?

thyroid hormone

5
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What type of receptor do steroid hormones use?

a. nuclear

b. cytoplasm

c. membrane

b

6
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True or False: Polar hormones need a carrier like albumin in the bloodstream.

False

7
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What type of hormones use nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors?

a. polar

b. nonpolar

b

8
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Where do steroid hormones travel to after binding to their receptor in the cytoplasm?

the nucleus

9
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What is the limiting factor of cAMP?

GTP hydrolyzing back to GDP

10
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What are kinases?

enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins on Tyr, Ser, or Thr

11
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Insulin is what kind of hormone (nonpolar/polar) and binds to what kind of receptors?

polar hormone and must bind to membrane receptor

12
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What is the secondary messenger of Insulin?

PIP3

13
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What is the secondary messenger of Glucagon?

cAMP

14
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Epinephrine is released from what organ and why?

adrenal glands—> bc of stress

15
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When Epinephrine binds to a1 receptors what G protein is used, what is the secondary messenger, and what kinase is activated?

  • Gq protein

  • DAG, and Ca2+ are secondary messengers

  • PKC is activated

16
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When Epinephrine binds to a2 receptors what G protein is used, what is the secondary messenger, and what kinase is deactivated?

  • Gi protein

  • cAMP secondary messenger

  • PKA is deactivated

17
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When Epinephrine binds to b1, b2, b3 receptors what G protein is used, what is the secondary messenger, and what kinase is activated?

  • Gs protein

  • cAMP secondary messenger

  • PKA is activated

18
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When Glucagon binds to the glucagon receptor what G protein is used, what is the secondary messenger, and what kinase is activated?

  • Gs protein

  • cAMP secondary messenger

  • PKA is activated

(hint: same as Epi binding to b receptors)

19
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When Insulin binds to the insulin receptor what G protein is used, what is the secondary messenger, and what kinase is activated?

  • monomeric RAS protein

  • PIP3

  • PKB

20
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Insulin phosphorylates on _____________.

Tyrosine

21
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When Epinephrine binds to a1 receptors what molecule acts as an indirect secondary messenger to activate calcium release from the ER?

IP3

22
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Leptin hormone binds to ______________ receptors.

Jak-Stat