chemistry states of matter

matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

states of matter

solid,liquid and gas are the three states of matter in which any substances can exist,depending on the condtions of temperature and pressure

Fluid

A gas or liquid, they are able to flow

melting point

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid - it has same value as the freezing point ¥, a pre substance has a sharp meliting point.

evaporation

a process occuring at the surface of a liquid involving the change of state from a liquid into a vapure at a temperature below the boling point

boling point

the temperature at which a liquid boils,when the pressure of the gas created above liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

volatillity

the property of how easily a liquid evaporates

condesation

the change of vapour or a gas into a liquid,during this process heat is given out to the surroundings

pure substances

a single chemical element or compound-it melts and boils at definite precise temperatures

lattice

a regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystalin solid

atom

the smallest particle of an element that can take part in chemical reaction

kinetic particle theory

A theory which accounts for the bulk properties of the different states of matter in terms of the movement of particles(atoms or moleules)- the theory explains what happens during changes in physcial state.

molecule

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

intermolecular space

the space between atoms or molecules in a liquid or gas. the intermolecular space is small in a liquid but relatively very large in gas

exothermic changes

a process or chemical reaction in which heat energy is produced and released to the surroundings. change in heat has a negative value

endothermic changes

a process of chemical reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings. change in heat has a postive value

mixture

two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined-the substances can be seperated by physical means

solution

is formed when a substance (solute) dissolves into another substance(solvent)

solute

the solid substance that has dissolved in a liquid(solvent) to form a solution

solvent

the liquid that dissolves the solid solute to form a solution

suspension

a mixture containing small particles of an insouluble solid,or droplets of an insoluble liquid,spread(suspended) throughout a liquid

precipitation reaction

a reaction in which an insoluble salt is prepared from solutions of two soluble salts

soluble

a solute that dissovles in a particular solvent

isoluble

a substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent

miscible

if two liquids form a completely uniform mixture when added together,.

alloys

mixture of elements(usually metals) desgined to have the properties useful for a particular purpose

saturated solution

a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at particular temperature

concentration

a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution. solutions can be dilue(with high proportion of solvent), or concentrated(with a high proportion of solute)

solubility

a measure of how much of a solute dissolves in a solvent a particular temperature

diffusion

the process by which different fluids mix as a resut of the random motions of their particles