Foundational Concepts in Biomechanics

What are the four elements of the four element movement system?

motion, force, motor control, and energy

Mobility includes…

ROM

Force includes…

contraction, relaxation, and dynamic stability

Motor control includes…

ability to execute and coordinate energy

energy includes…

endurance

What does CASSS stand for?

control, amount, speed, symmetry, and symptoms

what are some of the benefits of using the CASSS model?

con capture a wide variety of disorders and can guide practice and education

What is kinesiology

study of movement and performance

what is biomechanics

application of mechanics to human movement (x: force and mass and their relationship to movement)

what is osteokinematics?

movement of the skeletal system through the cardinal planes of motion

what is an example of osteokinematics

straightening our knees or bending our elbows

the sagittal plane divides the body into_____ and _____ and the action that occurs in this plane includes ____ and ______.

right and left

flexion and extension

what is an example of a movement that occurs in the sagittal plane axis?

squatting or doing a push-up

the frontal/coronal plane divides the body into_____ and _____ and the actions that occur in this plane include _____ and _____.

anterior and posterior

abduction and adduction

what is an example of a movement that occurs in the frontal/coronal plane axis?

straight arm lateral raises

the transverse plane divides the body into _____ and ____ and the actions that occur in this plane include _____ and _____.

superior and inferior

supination and pronation

what is an example of a movement that occurs in the frontal/coronal plane axis?

russian twists

the sagittal plane goes _____ from ____ to ____.

horizontal

medial to lateral

the frontal/coronal plane goes _____ from ____ to ____.

horizontal

anterior to posterior

the transverse plane goes _____ from ____ to ____.

vertical

superior to inferior

a joint that moves in a straight line motion in one direction is called a …

plane motion

the movement from one point to another in an arched path is called…

curvilinear motion

motion around an axis is called…

rotational motion

the combination of translational and rotational motion is called….

general motion

When this distal end is free, this is called an…

open kinematic chain

give an example of an open kinematic chain

throwing a ball or a bicep curl

when the distal end is fixed, this is called a…

closed kinematic chain

give an example of a closed kinematic chain

pullups or squatting

force when there is an attempt at movement between contacting surfaces in the direction of movement (action line parallel to contact surface) (think blisters)

shear

force where action line parallel, but opposite direction of movement

friction

force where the forces are away from each other

tensile

force where the forces are towards each other

compressive

force where the is tension on one end and compression on the other

bending

force where there is twisting around a long axis

torsion

what is a moment arm?

the length between the axis of rotation and the perpendicular intersection of force

rotational movement occurs…

if the internal force produced by the muscle contraction is greater than the external force produced by the weight of the body segment and other external forces

what is the formula for torque?

force x movement arm

at what angle does the movement arm produce the most force?

90 degrees

what is it called when two parallel forces produced by two or more muscles activate simultaneously to produce a rotary motion?

force couples