Acid-Base Balance & Neutralization Reactions

pH scale

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. (0-14)

Acids

Substances that increase concentration of hydrogen ion (H+). Forms an aqueous solutions with a pH less than 7.

Bases

Substances that decrease concentration of hydrogen ions (OH-). Dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7. Less hydrogen ion concentration makes the solution more alkaline.

Neutral

Solution is 7

When acids and bases mix together they form a what ?

Neutralization reaction (water and salt)

What are some common acids ?

Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid

What are some common bases?

Sodium hydroxide and Calcium carbonate

What type of ions do alkalis produce in water?

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

What is the primary function of a wide range pH indicator in a laboratory?

To provide a general estimate of the pH range of a solution.

What does a pH of 7 indicate about a solution?

It is neutral

Wide range indicator

Chemical compound that changes color based on pH.

Universal indicator

Color range from deep red in acid to blue in alkaline.

Litmus paper

Blue litmus paper turn red in acidic, red litmus paper turn blue in alkaline.

pH probe and meter

Most accurate, removes any guessing of shades or colors.