Circulation

How many chambers does the heart have

4 chambers of the heart

what are the chambers

right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

which direction does blood flow in veins and arteries

Veins= To the heart

Arteries = Away

can remember by A away

What is a closed circuit

A closed circulatory system is a type of circulatory system where blood is always contained within a network of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) and never directly contacts body tissues or organs

what is a double circulation system

A double circulatory system is a type of blood circulation where blood passes through the heart twice for every complete circuit of the body. This means blood goes from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart, and then to the rest of the body before returning to the heart again.

what is an advantage of a double circulatory system

Stops the deoxygenated blood and oxygenated mixing so its more oxygenated blood so higher gradient so more oxygen to tissue

In human double circulatory system what are the 2 circuits

Pulmonary = goes to the lungs

systematic = goes to the body

what is the name of the valves between the atrium and ventricles

Atrioventricular valves = mitral or tricuspid/bicuspid prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria

what are the types of Atrioventricular valves

Valves with 2 flaps are called bicuspid and found on the left

Valves with 3 flaps are called tricuspid and found on the right

What holds the valves in place

valve tendons or heart strings which are attached to papillary muscles

what needs to happen to hold a valve closed

Papillary muscles which contract at the same time as the ventricles holding the valves closed

which arteries have valves

pulmonary and aorta

what type of valves do they have

semi lunar

what separates the left and right side of the heart

Inter-ventricular septum

which side of the heart is smaller and why

the right is 3 times thinner so pumps blood at lower pressure as doesn’t have to go around the body but to the delicate capillaries in the alveoli.

How is a heart beat formed

cells called myocytes which make up the cardiac muscle receive an electrical impulse they contract together, causing a heartbeat

How do myocytes get the oxygen they need

Fed by numerous capillaries from two coronary arteries. These arise from the aorta as it leaves the heart. Blood returns via the coronary sinus, which drains directly into the right atrium.