Nuclear Chemistry Review

Flashcards covering nuclear chemistry review, including particle properties, nuclear equations, fission/fusion, half-life, and nuclear reactor components.

In Cr-52, the number 52 represents the __.

mass number

In Cl-35, the number 35 represents the __.

mass #

In Cl-17, the number 17 represents the __.

atomic #

An Alpha particle (He) comes from the __, has a mass of __ a.m.u., and a charge of __.

nucleus, 4, +2

Alpha particles can be shielded by __.

paper

A Beta particle (e) comes from the splitting of a __, has a mass of __ a.m.u., and a charge of __.

neutron, 0, -1

Beta particles can be shielded by __.

plastic

A Positron (e) comes from splitting, has a mass of a.m.u., and a charge of __.

proton, 0, +1

Positrons can be shielded by __.

plastic

A Gamma Ray (γ) comes from the of a nucleus, has a mass of a.m.u., and a charge of __.

nucleus, 0, 0

Gamma rays can be shielded by __.

lead

A Neutron (n) comes from atom, has a mass of a.m.u., and a charge of __.

any, 1, 0

In the nuclear equation 231 Pa -> 227 Ac + X, X represents an __ particle.

alpha

In the nuclear equation 18 F -> 0e + X, X represents __.

18O

27 Mg decays by beta-minus emission according to the equation 27 Mg -> 0e + __.

27 Al

231 Th decays by alpha emission according to the equation 231 Th -> 4He + __.

227 Ra

__ is the process of breaking atoms apart.

Fission

Nuclear Power Plants use the process of __.

Fission

An Atomic Bomb uses the process of __.

Fission

__ is the process of combining particles to make a bigger one.

Fusion

The Reaction on the Sun is an example of __.

Fusion

An H-bomb uses the process of __.

Fusion

Controlled fission is used in nuclear power plants to __ water to turn a turbine.

heat

After 1 half-life, the fraction of radioactive material remaining is __.

1/2

After 2 half-lives, the fraction of radioactive material remaining is __.

1/4

After 3 half-lives, the fraction of radioactive material remaining is __.

1/8

After 4 half-lives, the fraction of radioactive material remaining is __.

1/16

After 5 half-lives, the fraction of radioactive material remaining is __.

1/32

After 5 half-lives, the fraction of radioactive material decayed is __.

31/32

In a nuclear reactor, the fission reaction commonly involves 235U + 'n which produces 142Ba + 91Kr + __.

3n

In a nuclear reactor, heat is used to boil __.

water

In a nuclear reactor, steam is used to turn the __.

turbine

In a nuclear reactor, the turbine creates __.

energy

__ absorb excess neutrons in a nuclear reactor.

Control rods

A __ is used to slow down neutrons in a nuclear reactor.

moderator

The __ is the minimum amount or size needed to initiate or sustain a reaction or process.

critical mass

__ is the action of changing or the state of being changed into another form.

Transmutation

A __ occurs when a single event triggers a series of similar events.

chain reaction

__ is the time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive sample to decay.

Half-life

Radioactive decay is the release of energy from the decay of the __ of certain kinds of atomic isotopes.

nuclei