ATI TEAS Chemistry Bonds

Name the three types of particles that atoms are made of

protons - neutrons - electrons

What is in the center of an atom?

nucleus

What does the nucleus contains?

protons and neutrons

Protons have a _____________ charge

positive

Neutrons have a ____________ charge

neutral - meaning they have no charge

Where are electrons located?

Electrons move around the nucleus in different energy levels called electron shells.

Electons have a ____________ charge

negative

What is the basis for chemical reactions?

Atoms can gain, lose or share electrons with other atoms.

Chemical reaction

the making and breaking of chemical bonds

How are chemical bonds formed?

When outer electrons are attracted, shared, or moved from one atom to another in order to fill the outer electron shell.

Ionic bond

the result of two atoms that gain or lose electrons

When an atom loses an electon it has a ___________charge

positive

When an atom gains an electron it has a ___________ charge

negative

How do ionic bonds form?

When one element that wants one or more electrons to fill its outer electron shells is strong enough to take one or more electrons from another element.

When an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an _____________

an ion

What type of charge does an ion have?

either positive or negative

In covalent bonds the electrons are ____________ between two atoms.

shared - which results in the outer shells of the two atoms overlapping

How do covalent bonds form?

When two or more elements want to fill their outer electron shell, but none of the elements are strong enough to "take" an electron from any of the other elements.

Atoms that combine with one or more covalent bonds forms a _______________

a molecule

Water is a covalent bond between

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Living tissues or organic compounds are formed with ____________

covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

form ions, gain or lose outer shell electrons, fill outer electron shell

Covalent bonds

form molecules, share outer shell electrons, fill outer electron shell

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

covalent

What type of particle is found in shells that surround an atoms's nucleus?

electron

When positively and negatively charged ions attract each other, what type of bond is formed?

ionic

Ionic and covalent bonds are alike in that they....

fill outer electrons shells

What is a common compound formed by an ionic bond?

NaCl - table salt

Room temperature state of ionic bonds

Brittle solid

Room temperature state of covalent bonds

Any - solid, liquid or gas

Do ionic bonds conduct electricity?

Yes, if they are in a liquid.

Do covalent bonds conduct electricity?

Usually not.

What happens to valence electrons in ionic bonds?

They are transferred (gained/lost).

What happens to valence electrons in covalent bonds?

They are shared.

How do you name ionic compounds?

NO PREFIXES!

How do you name covalent compounds?

Use prefixes!

What is the structure of elements in ionic bonding?

2 elements have the same structure

What is the structure of elements in covalent bonding?

2 elements can bond in several ways

How do ionic compounds form?

Nonmetals take away electrons from metals.

How do covalent compounds form?

Neither atom has enough attraction to take away electrons from the other, so electrons are shared.

How strong are ionic bonds?

Very strong!

How strong are covalent bonds?

Weak.

Is Na2O ionic or covalent?

Ionic. Na is a metal.

Is Iron (III) Oxide ionic or covalent?

Ionic. Iron is a metal.

Is H2O ionic or covalent?

Covalent. 2 nonmetals.

Is Carbon monoxide ionic or covalent?

Covalent. 2 nonmetals. Also, any compound named with prefixes will be covalent. :)

What is the shape of ionic bonds?

Crystal lattice

What is the shape of covalent bonds?

Highly ordered arrangements. This picture is one example.

single replacement

A+BC → AC+B

double replacement

AB+CD → AD+CB

synthesis reaction

A+B → AB

decomposition reaction

AB→ A+B