Biology: Data, Science method

Chapter 1

Biology

is the study of organisms

Organisms

are living things

Botany

study of plants

Zoology

study of animals

Anatomy

study of the overall

Physiology

study of overall function

Ecology

study of organisms and their environment

Cytology

study of cells

Biochemistry

study of chemical reaction

Genetics

is study of inheritance

Microbiology

is the study of small organisms

Scientific method

a process of investigation where the problem are identified, and their suggested explanations are tested by carrying out experiments.

Observation

an unbiased, accurate report of an event

Hypothesis

an educated guess based on observations

Experiment

is a series of steps used to test a hypothesis

Data

information collected

Conclusion

data is interpreted

Relate conclusion to existing knowledge

accept, reject or change the hypothesis. If hypothesis is unconfirmed change it and test again.

Report and publish findings

write a report and release it in Scientific journal

Corrosive

chemical attacks and destroys living tissue

Irritant

can cause red itchy skin or minor blister

Flammable

chemical will catch fire easily

Explosive

chemical will explosive if it’s near a naked flame

Oxidising

chemical produce oxygen, which causes other substances to burn more

Toxic

substance will cause severe illness or death if it enters the body

Biohazard

symbol indicates a dangerous substance produced from a living sample

Theory

is a hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments.

Principle/Law

a theory that has shown to be valid when fully tested over a long period of time

Control

used to compare results with the actual experiments

Placebo

an ineffective treatment given to patients to mimic a trial drug

Double-blind-testing

when neither the patients nor medical staff know who’s getting the placebo and who’s getting the real drug

Variables

are factors that may change in an experiment

Independent variable

factor that changes

Constant

factors that do no change in an experiment

Primary data

data you collect yourself

Secondary data

data you collect from another source

Ethics

whether a conduct is right or wrong

Quantitative

number data

Qualitative

word data

Name two factors that were kept constant during the investigation?

• Large sample size

• Temperature

Where are the result of an investigation normally reported and published?

Scientific journal

Explain why random selection is important in experiment design?

• Reduces bias

• Increase reliability

• Fair test

What good experimental design features?

• A control

• Only one variables

• Safety

• Large sample size

• Repeatable

• Replicates

Why is it important that scientists publish results of their results?

Information made widely available or to spread knowledge or peer review