IBDP Biology A2.3 Viruses
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19 Terms
Bacteriophage
A type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria.
Capsid
The protein shell that encases the genetic material of a virus.
Convergent Evolution
The process by which unrelated organisms develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
Coronavirus
A family of viruses known for causing respiratory infections in humans and animals, including COVID-19.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.
Double-Stranded
Referring to nucleic acids that consist of two complementary strands, such as DNA.
Envelope
A lipid membrane that surrounds some viruses, derived from the host cell membrane.
Evolution
The process through which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.
Genetic Code
The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Influenza
A contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system, commonly known as the flu.
Lambda
A type of bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is often used in genetic research.
Lysogenic Cycle
A viral replication cycle in which the virus integrates its genetic material into the host's genome and remains dormant.
Lytic Cycle
A viral replication cycle that results in the destruction of the host cell and the release of new viral particles.
Nucleic Acid
Biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that carry genetic information.
Obligate Parasitism
A form of parasitism where the parasite cannot live outside of its host.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
A single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis and gene expression.
Single-Stranded
Referring to nucleic acids that consist of only one strand, such as RNA.
Virus
A microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism.