APUSH EXAM review

Period 1 1491- 1607

Timeline

1491 Christopher Columbus claims the islands of

Hispaniola and Cuba for Spain.

1512 Spain establishes the encomienda system.

1519 Hernan Cortes invades Mexico.

1525 The first ship of slaves from Africa arrives in the

Americas.

• engaged in trade and exchanged goods, ideas, and beliefs, demonstrating a degree of interconnection.

• Three Sisters:

  Many Native American tribes in North America relied on the Three Sisters: corn, beans, and squash, which were interplanted and provided a vital food source. 

• Christopher Columbus and the other early European explorers in the New World were motivated by a combination of economic and religious factors, sometimes described as “God, Gold, and Glory.”

• American Indians were

  often ensnared into the slave labor system, like Spain’s encomienda system,

  and forced to abandon their native religious practices. The American Indian

  population was also decimated by diseases brought over by Europeans.

• Columbian Exchange - system introduced American crops like potatoes,

  tomatoes, and corn to Europe and European crops like wheat, rice, and grapes to the Americans. and slaves
  

Key terms for unit 1

Maize

• This was the main crop cultivated by American Indians.

Christopher Columbus

• An Italian explorer who stumbled upon the New World after convincing the Spanish monarchs that he could sail across the Atlantic to India

“God, Gold, Glory”

• Early European explorers were motived by a desire to spread Christianity, enrich themselves and their monarch, and gain glory for discovering new lands.

Encomienda System

• A forced labor system developed by the Spanish that required American Indians

• Spanish colonists were granted control over native populations in exchange for providing them with protection and, ideally, religious instruction.

Period 2: 1607-1754

TIMELINE

• 1607 The first English colony in the New World is founded at Jamestown.

• 1620 The Pilgrims sign the Mayflower Compact before settling at Plymouth Colony.

• 1637 Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643) is banished from Massachusetts for organizing religious meetings for women.

• 1675 New England colonists engage in a brutal war of attrition with the leader of the Wampanoag that came to be known as “King Philip’s War.”

• 1692 Eighteen men and women are found guilty of witchcraft in the Salem Witch Trials.

• 1744 The First Great Awakening begins with Jonathan Edward’s fiery sermons.

Jamestown

• First British Colony, funded by a joint stock company (not state funded!). Goals were for profit. Eventually led to production of tobacco, which required even more land use (encroachment on the natives)

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

• Natives were attacking the crops of the encroaching Jamestown colony, so the colonists retaliated, attacking the natives and burning the ignorant governor’s crops.

House of burgesses (1619)

• first democratically elected legislative body in English North America

• served as a representative assembly, enabling colonists to participate in decision-making related to local laws and taxation.

Mayflower Compact (1620)

first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony

Salutary neglect

•  king is ignoring the colonies and colonies are making their own rules 13 colonies 

Unit 2 key terms

Mercantilism

• An economic system where countries tried to increase their wealth through government control of all aspects of trade

Encomienda system

• A forced labor system developed by the Spanish that required American Indians to live on plantations and convert to Christianity

Cash crops

• Crops that could be gown in large quantities, harvested, and sold for a profit

First Great Awakening

• A religious movement that promoted emotional, evangelical Protestantism, often through “fire and brimstone” sermons and camp meetings

Period 3: 1754–1800

Timeline

• 1763 The Proclamation of 1763 ordered colonists to stop migrating west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• 1768 British troops arrive in Boston.

• 1775 First battles of the American Revolution take place at Lexington and Concord.

• 1776 Congress declared independence from Britain

with the Declaration of Independence.

1780 Articles of Confederation were adopted.

1781 The British surrender at Yorktown.

1788 The U.S. Constitution is officially sent to the states for ratification.

1791 The Bill of Rights was adopted.

Sugar act

Stamp Act

KEY TERMS on unit 3

French and Indian War

• A conflict between the French and the English over control over the Ohio River Valley

Articles of Confederation

• The first constitution of the United States; established a very weak federal government

U.S. Constitution

The foundation of the U.S. federal government

Federalist Papers

• A series of paper written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison that advocated for a strong federal government

Bill of Rights

• The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee different civil liberties