Honors Chemistry Solutions

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts related to solutions, solubility, and concentration from the Honors Chemistry lecture notes.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture which is physically combined.

Solvent

The dissolving medium in a solution, which is present in greater amount (e.g., water).

Solute

The dissolving particles in a solution, which are present in lesser amount (e.g., salt).

Saturation

Refers to the degree to which a solution can hold solute at a given temperature.

Saturated Solution

Contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

Contains less solute than it can hold at a given temperature; it can dissolve more solute.

Supersaturated Solution

Contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.

Solubility Curve

Graph showing how the solubility of a substance changes with temperature.

Colliding molecules

The interaction required for a solute to dissolve in a solvent, involving physical contact.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Attributes like temperature, stirring, and particle size that influence how much solute can dissolve.

Like Dissolves Like

A principle stating that polar substances dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Dilution

Making a solution less concentrated by adding more solvent.

Molarity (M)

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend on the number of solute particles present; includes boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

Hydrogen Bonds

Strong intermolecular forces that exist between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Vapor Pressure Lowering

The reduction in vapor pressure of a solvent when a solute is dissolved in it.

Boiling Point Elevation (BPE)

The increase in boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent due to the presence of solute.

Freezing Point Depression (FPD)

The decrease in freezing point of a solution compared to the pure solvent due to the presence of solute.