HAPP MUSCULAR SYSTEM

BODY MOVEMENT

MAINTAIN POSTURE AND POSITION

STABILIZE JOINT

GENERATE HEAT

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MUSCLE

SKELETAL MUSCLE

• Attached to bones by tendons

• Cross joints so when they contract, bones they attach to move

SMOOTH MUSCLE

• Found on organ walls

• Contractions produce movement of organ contents

CARDIAC MUSCLE

• Produces atrial and ventricular contractions

• This pumps blood from the heart into the blood vessels

Stabilize joints

Hold bones tightly together

Stabilize the spinal column

Small muscles hold vertebrae together

SPHINCTERS

• Valve-like structures formed by muscles

• Control movement of substances in and out of passages

URETHRAL SPHINCTERS

ITS ALLOW URINATION

maintain a normal temperature

Moving your body can make you warmer if you are cold

The Heat is released with muscle contraction help body to?

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Found mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs and spindle shape

Cell: Single, Fusiform, uninucleate; nonstriated

Involuntary Control

Circular Layer and Longitudinal Layer

WHAT IS THE TWO LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE

VERY SLOW

WHAT SPEED CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE

PERISTALSIS

rhythmic contraction that pushes substances through tubes of the body “wave-like”

ACETYLCHOLINE AND NEROPINEPHRINE

REGULATED BY THE AUTOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WHICH RELEASES NEUROTRANSMITTER SUCH AS?

ACETYLCHOLINE AND NEROPINEPHRINE

CONTROLS MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION

ACETYLCHOLINE

IT PROMOTES RELAXATION

NOREPINEPHRINE

IT INCREASES CONTRACTION

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Found only in the heart.

Cells: striated, uninucleate and forms figure of 8 shaped bundles. Involuntary Control

8

HOW MANY SHAPE BUNDLE CARDIAC MUSCLE HAVE

INTERCALATED DICS

CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS SPECIAL GAP JUNCTION CALLED? AND ITS ALLOW HEART TO WORK AS A PUMP

SLOW

WHAT IS THE SPPED CONTRACTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

ACETYLCHOLINE AND NEROPINEPHRINE

REGULATED BY THE AUTOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND RESPONDS TO NEUROTRANSMITTER SUCH AS?

ACETYLCHOLINE

SLOW HEART RATE

NEROPINEPHRINE

SPEED HEART RATE

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Attached to the skeleton

Cells: Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with very obvious striations; Soft and Fragile

Largest muscle fiber/cell

Voluntary Control

SLOW TO FAST

WHAT IS THE SPEED CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL MUSCLE

The major components of the muscular system

ACETYLCHOLINE

REGULATED BY SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS) RESPONDS TO?

ACETYCHOLINE

CAUSES SKELETAL MUSCLE TO CONTRACT

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE

PRODUCES AN ENZYME CALLED?

ACETYCHOLINESTERASE

BREAKS DOWN ACETYCHOLINE AND ALLOW MUSCLE TO RELAX

SARCOLEMMA

IT IS THE “PLASMA MEMBRANE” THAT SURROUNDS EACH MUSCLE FIBER/ MUSCLE HUSK

MYOFIBRILS

LONG RIBBONLIKE ORGANELLES CALLED

SARCOMERES

Structural and basic functional units of skeletal muscle. segment between two adjecent Z-dics tiny contractile muscle

THICK (MYOSIN) FILAMENT

COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF THE PROTEIN MYOSIN

THIN (ACTIN) FILAMENTS

COMPOSE MAINLY OF THE PROTEIN ACTIN

REGULATORY PROTEIN CALLED TROPONIN AND TROPOMYOSIN

I BAND

A BAND

H ZONE

M LINE

Z DICS

BANDING PATTERN

I BAND (ISOTROPIC BAND)

LIGHT COLORED BAND COMPOSED OF ONLY THIN FILAMENT

A BAND (ANISOTROPIC BAND)

DARK COLORED BAND CONTAIN BOTH THICK AND THIN FILAMENT

H ZONE

LIGHTER REGION IN THE A BAND CONTAIN ONLY THICK FILAMENS

M LINE

LOCATED AT THE CENTER OF H ZONE

Z DICS

BISECTS / INTERRUPTS THIN FILAMENTS, MIDLINE INTERRUPTION IN THE I BAND

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated

Oxygen Deficit

Person is unable to take in oxygen fast enough to keep the muscles supplied with all the oxygen

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

TYPE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

CONTRACTION WHERE MUSCLE CAHNE LENGTH (the muscle shorten)

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION

MUSCLE SHORTEN AS IT CONTRACT

ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION

MUSCLE LENGTHENS WHILE GENERATING FORCE

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

CONTRACTION WHERE MUSCLES DOES NOT CHANGE LEGTHS

ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION

MUSCLE CONTRACT AT A CONSTANT SPEED

ORIGIN

attached to the immovable or less movable bone.

INSERTION

attached to the movable bone.

PRIME MOVER (AGONIST)

muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement

ANTAGONIST

MUSCLE THAT OPPOSE / REVERSE A MOVEMENT

SYNERGIST

help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements

CIRCULAR MUSCLE

the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings.

AKA SPHINCTERS

CONVERGENT MUSCLE

fascicles converge toward a single insertion tendon.

PARALLEL MUSCLE

the length of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle.

FUSIFORM MUSCLE

spindle shaped muscle with an expanded midsection

PENNATE MUSCLE

fascicles are attached obliquely to a central tendon. that gives them a feather-like appearance

EPIMYSIUM

WRAPS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE

PERIMYSIUM

WRAPS THE ENTIRE FACICLES

ENDOMYSIUM

WRAPS THE MUSCLE FIBER

TENDON

MUSCLE TO BONE

FACIA

MUSCLE TO MUSCLE

FRONTALIS

OCCIPITALIS

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ORBICULARIS ORIS

BUCCINATOR

ZYGOMATICUS

MASSETER

TEMPORALIS

WHAT IS THE FACIAL MUSCLE

FRONTALIS

covers the frontal bone, allow you to raise the eyebrows and to wrinkle the forehead.

OCCIPITALIS

covers the posterior aspect of the bone, it pulls the scalp posteriorly.

ORBICULARIS OCULI

run in circles around the eyes. responsoble for blinking

ORBICULARIS ORIS

circular muscle of the lips, also known as “kissing muscle”.

BUCCINATOR

flattens the cheek. During chewing, it compresses the cheek to hold the food between the teeth.

ZYGOMATICUS

“smiling muscle” because it raises the corners of the mouth upward

MASSETER

covers the angle of the lower jaw

TEMPORALIS

acts as a synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw

PLATYSMA

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

WHAT IS THE NECK MUSCLE

PLATYSMA

pull the corners of the mouth inferiorly, producing a downward sag of the mouth. (SAD CLOWN FACE)

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

when both of these muscles contract together, it flexes the neck (PRAYER MUSCLE)

PECTORALIS MAJOR

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

ANTERIOR TRUNK MUSCLES

PERTORALIS MAJOR

large fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest.

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

deep muscles found between the ribs.

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

most superficial muscles of the abdomen;Flex the vertebral column

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

make up the lateral walls of the abdomen; flex the vertebral column, but they also rotate the trunk and bend it laterally.

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

deep to the external obliques; its function is the same as those of the external obliques.

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall; compresses the abdominal contents.

TRAPEZIUS

LATISSUMUS DORSI

ERECTOR SPINAE

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

DELTOID

POSTERIOR MUSCLE OF THE TRUNK

TRAPEZIUS

most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk; They also can elevate, depress, adduct, and stabilize the scapula.

LATISSIMUS DORSI

are the two large, flat muscles that cover the lower back; extends and adducts the humerus.

ERECTOR SPINAE

are deep muscles of the back, span the entire length of the vertebral column; not only act as powerful back extensors but also provide resistance that helps control the action of bending over at the waist

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

form part of the posterior abdominal wall; flex/extend the lumbar spine.

DELTOID

triangle-shaped muscles that form the rounded shape of your shoulders.

INJECTION SITE

BICEP BRACHII

BRACHIALIS

BRACHIORADIALIS

TRICEPS BRACHII

MUSCLE OF THE UPPER LIMB

BICEP BRACHII

most familiar muscle of the arm because it bulges when you flex your elbow; powerful prime mover for flexion of the forearm and acts to supinate the forearm.

BRACHIALIS

lies deep to the biceps brachii; lifts the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius.

BRACHIORADIALIS

fairly weak muscle which reside mainly in the forearm

TRICEP BRACHII

the only muscle fleshing out the posterior humerus; antagonist of the biceps brachii and brachialis.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

ILIOPSOAS

ADDUCTOR MUSCLE

MUSCLE OF THE LOWER LIMB

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

superficial muscle of the hip that forms most of the flesh of the buttock

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

runs from the ilium to the femur, beneath the gluteus maximus for most of its length

ILIOPSOAS

fused muscle composed of two muscles; iliacus and psoas major

PSOAS MAJOR

ORIGINATE FROM LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (T1-T5)

FLEXES THE HIP, HELP STABILIZE THE SPINE