Topic 1 &2 Components of a computer

Hardware

Physical components that make up a typical computer system.

Motherboard

Connects computer parts and lets them communicate.

CPU

Runs instructions for calculations, decoding, and executing.

RAM

Temporary and volatile memory that stores data used by running programs.

ROM

Non-volatile memory that stores system configurations.

Graphics Card

Outputs visuals to display devices based on given information.

NIC

Connects devices to a network using a MAC address.

HDD

Magnetic storage used in computers and servers.

SSD

Solid state storage technology that is faster than HDD.

Sound Card

Allows computer to play and record sound, input/output on headphones/microphone.

System Software

Programs that control the computer system.

Application Software

Provides services that users need to solve specific tasks.

Operating System

Software that provides an interface between the user and hardware.

User Interface

How the user interacts with the operating system.

Analog Data

Continuous data created from non-digital devices.

Digital Data

Data in binary form consisting of 1s and 0s.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Takes input and executes instructions.

Fetch

Retrieves data from RAM to the CPU.

Decode

Interprets the instruction to determine required actions.

Execute

Carries out the instructions the CPU has processed.

Input Devices

Hardware components that allow user interaction with a computer.

Output Devices

Hardware that receives information from a computer and presents it to the user.

Storage Devices

Hardware that reads and writes data to different storage media.

Cloud Storage

Long-term storage of data in a remote location.

Public Cloud

Cloud storage provided by a third-party service provider.

Private Cloud

Cloud storage managed by a single organization.

Hybrid Cloud

Combines public and private cloud options.

Intranet

A localized network designed for organization employees.

Extranet

An extension of an intranet that allows authorized outside access.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Network within a small geographical area owned by the company.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Network that covers large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs.

Data Packets

Small chunks of data transmitted over the internet containing IP address details.

MAC Address

Unique identifier assigned to a network device.

Wireless Network

Network that uses radio waves to connect devices.

Bluetooth

Short-range wireless technology for direct communication between devices.

Password Security

Creating secure passwords through character variety and length.