Organic Chemistry- Funtional Groups

Hydrocarbons

Molecules containing primarily only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons are divided into two main classes:

Aliphatic and Aromatic

Aliphatic hydrocarbons include 3 major groups:

Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

Alkane

Hydrocarbons have all single bonds.

Alkane

Alkene

Hydrocarbons have one or more double bonds.

Alkene

Alkyne

Hydrocarbons have one or more triple bonds.

Alkyne

Benzene (Arene)

Ring of hydrocarbons.

Benzene (Arene)

Alcohols

Have a stand alone hydroxy (–OH) group

Acholol

Ethers

Contain two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen (R-O-R’)

Ether

Carbonyl Group

Aldehydes and Ketones

Basic organic molecules which contain a carbonyl (C=O) group

Aldehydes

A carbonyl which has one alkyl group and a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl.

Aldehyde

Ketone

Two alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl.

Ketone

Carboxylic Acids

A combination of a carbonyl and hydroxy group but have different properties than aldehydes/ketones and alcohols.

Carboxylic Acids

Amines

Alkylated derivatives of Ammonia with the general formula NR3 (R can be a hydrogen)

Amine

Amides

Derivatives of carboxylic acids made reacting a –COOH with an amine. (A combination of carbonyl and amine.)

Amide

Nitriles (Cyano Group)

Contains a R-C≡N group (sp hybridized).

Nitrile