Chemistry Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts related to quantum mechanics, acids and bases, and chemical bonding.

Aufbau Principle

The principle that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first before filling higher ones.

Hund's Rule

In orbitals of the same energy, electrons fill each orbital singly before pairing up.

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Orbital

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons.

Quantum Numbers

A set of numbers that describe the unique quantum state of an electron.

Shared Electrons

Electrons that are involved in the bonding between atoms, typically found in covalent bonds.

Weak Acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of H3O+.

pH

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Buffer

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

A pair consisting of an acid and base that differ by one proton (H+).