[PHYSICAL PHARMACY] PACOP VIOLET

1. Which of the following is NOT a

derived dimension?

A. Volume

B. Density

C. Velocity

D. Length

E. Energy

D. Length

2. Van der Waals force is responsible

for the following interactions EXCEPT?

A. Miscibility of HCL

B. Formation of carbonic acid

C. Liquefaction of gases

D. Preparation of NaCl solution

E. Formation of HCl

D. Preparation of NaCl solution

3. KI3

is formed when iodine crystals are

mixed with a solution of potassium iodide. The

interaction governing this principle is?

A. Keesom forces

B. Debye- induction forces

C. London forces

D. Ion- dipole forces

E. Ion-induced dipole force

E. Ion-induced dipole forces

4. TRUE statements regarding

hydrogen bonding include;

I. Attraction between nonpolar atoms and

water

II. Can be intermolecular or intramolecular

III. Between hydrogen atom and a strongly

electronegative atom

A. I, II and III

B. I and II

C. II and III

D. I and III

E. III only

C. II and III

5. Which of the following interactions

is responsible for the stability of the

alpha-helix structure of protein as well as

other conformation of other structures.

A. Covalent forces

B. Electrovalent forces

C. Hydrogen bonds

D. Ionic bonds

E. Van der Waals forces

C. Hydrogen bonds

6. Gas laws which states that for 1 mole

of gas at a fixed temperature, the product of

pressure

(p) and volume (v) is constant.

A. Avogrado's law

B. Boyle's law

C. Charle's law

D. Dalton's law

E. Gay- Lussac's law

D. Dalton's law

7. Exhibited by gases within a confined

system which is due to the collision of gas

particles with one another into the walls of the

container.

A. Elasticity

B. Pressure

C. Energy

D. Temperature

E. Volume

B. Pressure

8. Gases are liquefied at;

A. High pressure and low temperature

B. Low pressure and high temperature

C. Low pressure and low temperature

D. High pressure and high temperature

E. Zero pressure and zero temperature

A. High pressure and low temperature

9. The resistance of the liquid to flow is

termed as;

A. Bulkiness

B. Fluidity

C. Liquidity

D. Porosity

E. Viscosity

E. Viscosity

10. Expresses the relationship between the

vapor pressure and the absolute temperature of

a liquid.

A. Clausius- clapeyron equation

B. Van't hoff equation

C. Ideal gas equation

D. Henderson- hasselbach equation

E. Stoke's equation

A. Clausius- clapeyron equation

11. True statements about the

physical properties of liquids include;

I. Exhibit flow properties

II. Surface tension decreases with an

increase in temperature

III. Boiling point increases as pressure

decreases

A. I, II and III

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. II and III

E. I only

B I and II

12. The physical properties of liquid

which is directly proportional to temperature

is,

A. Boiling point

B. Heat of vaporization

C. Surface tension

D. Vapor pressure

E. Viscosity

D. Vapor pressure

13. Which of following statements about

the physical constant of water is, NOT

CORRECT

A. The boiling point of water is 100°C

B. The vapor pressure of water at room

temperature is 218 atm

C. The heat of vaporization of water at

boiling, ∆Hv (water) BP= 9720 cal/mole

D. The latent heat of fusion at 0°C= 80

cal/g

E. The critical temperature water is 374C

B. The vapor pressure of water at room

temperature is 218 atm

14. Physical properties of nitroglycerin include;

I. Liquid at room temperature

II. Solidifies when cooled below

14°C forming two polymorphs

III. Decomposes at 50°C and explodes

at 218°C

A. I and II and III are correct

B. I and II are correct

C. I and III are correct

D. II and III are correct

E. Only I is correct

A. I and II and III are correct

15. Which of the following crystals is

held together by covalent bonds?

A. Sodium chloride

B. HCl

C. Naphthalene

D. Graphite

E. KI

D. Graphite

16. Geometric pattern exhibited by iodine is;

A. Cubic

B. Hexagonal

C. Rhombic

D. Triclinic

E. Tetragonal

C. Rhombic

17. Characteristics of amorphous solid

include all of the following EXCEPT;

A. They tend to flow when subjected to

sufficient pressure over the period

of time.

B. They do not have definite melting points.

C. They exhibit isotropicity

D. They have randomly

arranged molecules

E. They exhibit polymorphism

E. They exhibit polymorphism

18. Which of the following statements

about crystalline solid is TRUE?

A. Diamond is an ionic crystal

B. Molecules are not packed in a repealing

range ordered fashion

C. Boric acid is a monoclinic crystal

D. All crystalline solid exhibit isotropicity

E. Theobroma oil is polymorphic crystalline

solid.

E. Theobroma oil is polymorphic crystalline

solid.

19. The condition wherein the substances

can exist in more than one crystalline form is

known as;

A. Anisotropicity

B. Fusion

C. Polymorphism

D. Sublimation

E. Transformation

C. Polymorphism

20. The units that contribute to crystal

structure can be atoms, molecules or ions.

Which of these statements is CORRECT about

molecular crystals?

I. Have high melting point

II. Held together by Van der Waals forces

III. Naphthalene is an example

A. II and III

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. II and III

E. I only

D. II and III

21. Polymorphs differ in:

I. Solubility

II. Melting point

III. X-ray diffraction pattern

A. I, II and II

B. II and III

C. I only

D. II only

E. III only

A. I, II and II

22. A mesophase formed from gaseous

state where the gas is held under

combination of temperatures and pressures

that exceeds the critical point of a substance.

A. Supercritical gas

B. Supercritical crystal

C. Supercritical fluid

D. Liquid-gas

E. Liquid- fluid

C. Supercritical fluid

23. TRUE statements about liquid crystal

state include;

I. Thermotropic- liquid crystals

are prepared by heating of

solids.

II. Nematic crystals are soap- or

grease- like crystals

III. Exhibit low properties

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. I and III

E. III only

D. I and III

24. Supercritical fluid have

properties intermediate those of:

A. Solid and gas

B. Liquid and gas

C. Liquid and solid

D. Amorphous and crystalline

E. Nematic and smectic

B. Liquid and gas

25. Which property of the

mesophase is associated with the

crystalline state?

A. Flow property

B. High density

C. Permeability

D. Birefringence

E. Low density

D. Birefringence

26. It is used in the decaffeination of coffee

and tea.

A. Nematic liquid crystals

B. Smectic liquid crystals

C. Cholesteric liquid crystals

D. Supercritical CO2

E. Supercritical O2

D. Supercritical CO2

27. A phenomenon that results to

liquefaction when two solids are combined

due to the lowering of melting points.

A. Eutexia

B. Polymorphism

C. Salting out

D. Co-solvency

E. Liquefaction

A. Eutexia

28. The type of liquid crystals

used in developing liquid system is;

A. Cholesteric

B. Nematic

C. Pneumatic

D. Isotropic

E. Smectic

B. Nematic

29. Urea possesses this type of

crystal formation,

A. Cubic

B. Hexagonal

C. Rhombic

D. Monoclinic

E. Tetragonal

E. Tetragonal

30. The most stable polymorph of

theobroma oil that melts at approximately 35°C

is ?

A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Delta

D. Gamma

E. Kappa

B. Beta

31. In a condensed system, which

of the following is a two phase system?

A. Ice-liquid water vapor

B. Water and phenol

C. Alcohol and acetone

D. Ethyl alcohol and water

E. Camphor and salol

B. Water and phenol

32. In a mixture of 34% thymol in

salol, the systems occur as one liquid

phase at 13°C degrees. This point in the

phase diagram is known as;

A. Absolute point

B. Critical point

C. Eutectic point

D. Melting point

E. Triple point

C. Eutectic point

33. All combinations of phenol and water

are completely miscible at 66.8°C. This

temperature is termed as;

A. Upper critical temperature

B. Upper consolute temperature

C. Conjugate temperature

D. Critical temperature

E. Transition temperature

B. Upper consolute temperature

34. The spontaneous interaction of two or

more substances to form a homogenous

molecular dispersion is;

A. Dissolution

B. Interaction

C. Solubility

D. Molecular connectivity

E. Solubility coefficient

C. Solubility

35. It deals with the quantitative

relationship between the heat and other

forms of energy.

A. Enthalpy

B. Entropy

C. Heat dynamics

D. Thermochemistry

E. Thermodynamics

D. Thermochemistry

36. Energy can be transformed from one

form into another but cannot be lost,

destroyed, or created. This statement is the;

A. First law of thermodynamics

B. Second law of thermodynamics

C. Third law of thermodynamics

D. Fourth law of thermodynamics

E. Gibbs free energy

A. First law of thermodynamics

37. In the field of thermodynamics, physical

properties of a system which are dependent of

the amount of the substance are known as;

A. Additive properties

B. Colligative properties

C. Constitutive properties

D. Extensive properties

E. Intensive properties

D. Extensive properties

38. Intensive properties include;

I. Volume

II. Surface tension

III. Temperature

A. I, II and III

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. II and III

E. III only

D. II and III

39. It is used to measure the angle of

rotation caused by passing polarized light

through an optically active substance

A. Oscillometer

B. Polarimeter

C. Refractometer

D. Spectrometer

E. Telometer

B. Polarimeter

40. The passage of 96,500 coulombs of

electricity through a conductivity cell produces

a chemical change of 1 gram equivalent of

any substance. This is known as;

A. Henry's Law

B. Coulumb's Law

C. Faraday's Law

D. Debye-Huckel Law

C. Faraday's Law

41. A property of drug molecule

expressed in Debye units is;

A. Absorbance

B. Dielectric constant

C. Dipole moment

D. Optical rotation

E. Refractive index

B. Dielectric constant

42. A counterclockwise rotation in the

planar light, as observed by looking into the

beam of polarized light, defines a substance

as;

A. Dextrorotatory

B. Levorotatory

C. Polar

D. Non polar

E. Aprotic

B. Levorotatory

43. Non polar solvents can neither donate

nor accept protons, thus are called

A. Adiabatic

B. Aprotic

C. Semipolar

D. Intermediate

E. Amphiphilic

B. Aprotic

44. The solubility of most gases in

liquids increases as;

A. Pressure increases and temperature

decreases

B. Pressure decreases and temperature

increases

C. Pressure and temperature increase

D. Pressure and temperature decrease

E. Pressure and temperature remain

constant

A. Pressure increases and temperature

decreases

45. This law states that the weight of

gas dissolved by a given amount of a liquid

at a given temperature is proportional to its

pressure.

A. Arrhenius Law

B. Debye-Huckel Law

C. Henry's Law

D. Raoult's Law

E. Stoke's Law

C. Henry's Law

46. A solution containing the dissolve solute

in a concentration below that necessary for

complete saturation at a definite temperature is

referred to as;

A. Consaturated

B. Hypersaturated

C. Saturated

D. Supersaturated

E. Unsaturated

E. Unsaturated

47. Water acts as a solvent due to which

of the following mechanisms?

A. High dielectric constant

B. Ability to break covalent bond

of potentially strong

electrolytes

C. Through dipole interaction forces

D. A and B

E. All of these

E. All of these

48. Gases in liquids can be salted out by;

A. Increasing pressure

B. Increasing temperature

C. Addition of electrolytes

D. A and B

E. All of these

C. Addition of electrolytes

49. Factors affecting miscibility of

liquids in liquids include;

I. Pressure

II. Dielectric substance

III. Influence of foreign substance

A. I only

B. I and II

C. I, II and III

D. II and III

E. III only

D. II and III

50. When some liquids are mixed, two

layers are formed, each containing some of

the other liquid in dissolved state. This

phenomenon observed in;

A. Alcohol-acetone

B. Benzene-CCl4

C. Glycerin-alcohol

D. Water-ether

E. Water- mercury

D. Water-ether

51. The Debye forces have energy of

attraction between 1-3 kcal/mole. In which of

the following interaction this is TRUE?

A. Na-Cl

B. H-O-H

C. CH2

-Cl2

D. HCl-H2O

E. All of these

C. CH2

-Cl2

52. When a solute is added to the pure

solvent, it will alter the tendency of the

molecules to escape the original liquid. What

colligative property is described?

A. Boiling point elevation

B. Vapor pressure lowering

C. Freezing point depression

D. Change in osmotic pressure

E. None of these

B. Vapor pressure lowering

53. Which of the following

statements is correct?

A. Gases are liquefied at low temperature

and low pressure

B. Gases are liquefied at high temperature

and high pressure

C. Gases are liquefied at low temperature

and high pressure

D. Gases are liquefied at high temperature

and low pressure

E. None of these

C. Gases are liquefied at low temperature

and high pressure

54. The heat (energy) absorbed when 1

gram of a solid melts or the heat liberated when

it freezes is termed as;

A. Heat of condensation

B. Heat of fusion

C. Heat of vaporization

D. Heat of combustion

E. Heat loss

B. Heat of fusion

55. TRUE statement about semipolar

solvent includes:

I. Aprotic solvent

II. Act as intermediate solvent

III. Propylene glycol

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. III only

E. I only

B. II and III

56. TRUE statements include;

I. The dissociated species of the

drug molecule cannot cross

biological membranes, so are less

absorbed.

II. Ionization of weak acid is favorable

at low pH

III. Salts of weak base precipitate at

low temperature

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and III

D. I only

E. I and II

D. I only

57. Nematic crystals are;

I. Soap- or grease- like crystals

II. Used in developing display system

III. Exhibit low properties

A. I, II and III

B. I and III

C. I and II

D. II and III

E. None of these

D. II and III

58. At 0.0098°C and 4.58mmHg, ice

liquid water-water vapor exist in equilibrium.

This is reffered to as

A. Degree of freedom

B. Triple point

C. Independent variables

D. Critical temperature

E. None of these

B. Triple point

59. The measure of the drug solubility is:

A. Kd

B. pHp

C. Ksp

D. Ki

E. Ka

A. Kd

60. The colligative properties of the solution

are related to the:

A. Number of the functional groups in the

molecules of the solution

B. Number of atoms in solution

C. Total number of particles in the solution

D. Spatial arrangement of atoms in solution

E. pH of the solution

C. Total number of particles in the solution

61. Species that can be function either

as an acid or a base is;

A. an ampholyte

B. a polyprotic

C. a zwitterion

D. a monoprotic

E. Gegenions

A. an ampholyte

62. The increase in mutual solubility of

two partially miscible solvents by another

agent is referred to as;

A. Misciblity

B. Blending

C. Association

D. Salvation

E. None of these

B. Blending

63. When a of AgCl is added with NaCl,

some of the AgCl precipitate. This is known

as;

A. Solubility

B. Association

C. Salting -out

D. Common-ion effect

E. Eutexia

D. Common-ion effect

64. The solubility of Penicillin sodium as

the pH is lowered.

A. Increases

B. Decreases

C. Not affected

D. Remains constant

E. None of these

B. Decreases

65. It is the pressure that must be applied

to the solution to prevent the flow of pure

solvent into the concentrated solution;

A. Vapor pressure

B. Osmotic pressure

C. Partial pressure

D. Atmospheric pressure

E. None of these

B. Osmotic pressure

66. The equation PV=nRT is;

A. The ideal gas equation

B. The clausius-clapeyron equation

C. Raoult's law

D. The van't hoff equation for

osmotic pressure

E. None of these

A. The ideal gas equation

67. The Henderson-Hasselbalch

equation for weak acid and its salt is;

A. pH= pKa + log (salt/acid)

B. pH= pKa + log (acid/salt)

C. pOH= pKw-pKb +log (acid/salt)

D. pKw= H

+ + OH

-

E. None of these

A. pH= pKa + log (salt/acid)

68. Blood is maintained at pH 7.4 by the

biological buffer system. This include all of the

following except;

A. Hemoglobin/ oxyhemoglobin

B. Carbonic acid/ sodium bicarbonate

C. Acid/ alkali sodium salts of phosphoric

acid

D. Boric acid/ sodium borate

E. None of these

D. Boric acid/ sodium borate

69. A solution that resist changes in pH is;

A. Isotonic

B. Hypotonic

C. Hypertonic

D. Buffer

E. Tonic

D. Buffer

70. When water reacts with carbon dioxide

in air, it form H2CO3

. This results to a pH of

water to become;

A. 7.0

B. Slightly greater than 7.0

C. Slightly less than 7.0

D. All of the above

E. None of these

C. Slightly less than 7.0

71. A hypertonic solution;

A. Causes shrinking of the cell

B. Causes no swelling nor shrinking of the

cell

C. Will lead to hemolysis of RBC

D. Has a freezing point depression of

0.52°C

E. None of these

A. Causes shrinking of the cell

72. A newly discovered weak acid was

found to diffuse freely through the red blood

cell membrane. A 2.3% of this weak acid has

the same freezing point as blood. The 2.3%

is;

A. Isotonic

B. Isoosmotic

C. Isoosmotic and isotonic

D. Hypertonic

E. Hypotonic

B. Isoosmotic

73. When a volume of 2.3 % solution of

the weak acid in the previous number is with

blood, red blood cells will;

A. Retain their normal size and shape

B. Shrink and will become wrinkled

C. Swell and finally burst

D. Undergo crenation

E. Become dehydrated

C. Swell and finally burst

74. The characteristics of particles in an

ideal dispersion include;

I. Not uniformly sized

II. Exhibit Brownian motion

III. Do not interact

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. III only

E. I only

B. II and III

75. A suspension having an F value

equal to 1 means;

A. The formulation is flocculated

B. The formulation is deflocculated

C. Both statements is correct

D. Both statements is wrong

E. None of these

B. The formulation is deflocculated

76. A problem affecting the pharmaceutical

elegance of emulsion that involves the

complete fusion of droplets followed by ultimate

fusion of two immiscible phase;

A. Phase inversion

B. Creaming

C. Flocculation

D. Breaking

E. Sedimentation

D. Breaking

77. TRUE statements regarding HLB

system include;

I. Surfactants with high HLB values are

hydrophilic

II. Hydrophilic surfactants form W/O type of

emulsion

III. Antifoaming agents has an HLB value of

4-6

A. Only I is correct

B. Only II is correct

C. I and II are correct

D. I and III are correct

E. Only III is correct

A. Only I is correct

78. Surfactants with an HLB value of 7-9

are used as;

A. Antifoaming agents

B. Wetting agents

C. Detergent

D. Solubilizing agents

E. W/O emulsifiers

B. Wetting agents

79. The change of an emulsion type from

O/W to W/O or vice versa is termed as;

A. Coalescence

B. Breaking

C. Creaming

D. Phase inversion

E. Sedimentation

D. Phase inversion

80. Which of following describes an

O/W emulsion?

I. Stabilized by surfactants with an

HLB value of 3-6

II. Generally employed for

oral administration

III. Water is the external phase

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I only

D. I and II

E. I and III

B. II and III

81. Which of the following is NOT correct

about the characteristics of emulsion?

A. O/W emulsion are miscible with water

B. O/W emulsion conducts electricity

C. W/O emulsion can be diluted with water

D. Mayonnaise is a W/O emulsion

E. One of the above

C. W/O emulsion can be diluted with water

82. A phenomenon where the liquid in

gel is pressed out upon standing is referred

to as;

A. Syneresis

B. Swelling

C. Imbibition

D. Bleeding

E. Phase inversion

A. Syneresis

83. These are organic and inorganic

ingredients that are colloidally dispersible or

soluble in water;

A. Alcogel

B. Organogel

C. Hydrogel

D. Xerogel

E. Jelly

C. Hydrogel

84. The force per unit length existing at

the interface between two immiscible

liquids is termed as;

A. Interfacial tension

B. Surface active tension

C. Adhesion

D. Cohesion

E. Viscosity

A. Interfacial tension

85. The force per unit length that

must be applied parallel to the surface so

as to counterbalance the net inward pull.

A. Shearing force

B. Surface tension

C. Viscosity

D. Friction

E. None of these

B. Surface tension

86. Attapulgite and kaolin adsorb

intestinal content. This is adsorption at;

A. Solid-gas interface

B. Solid-solid interface

C. Solid-liquid interface

D. Liquid-liquid interface

E. Gas-liquid interface

C. Solid-liquid interface

87. A complex process involving the

removal of foreign matter from surfaces;

A. Wetting

B. Detergency

C. Lavage

D. Foaming

E. Evaporation

B. Detergency

88. A surfactant used to lower the contact

angle of the powder and the liquid is;

A. Solubilizing agent

B. Wetting agent

C. Detergent

D. Foaming agent

E. Spreading agent

B. Wetting agent

89. The angle between a liquid droplet

and the surface over which it spreads is

known as;

A. Angle of repose

B. Tan0

C. Contact angle

D. Spreading coefficient

E. Surface angle

C. Contact angle

90. Pharmaceutical products that follow a

zero-order kinetics for degradation are;

A. Solutions

B. Ointments

C. Suspension

D. Elixirs

E. Syrups

C. Suspension

91. This refers to the time required for

50% of the drug to decompose.

A. Half-life

B. Shelf-life

C. t90

D. Both A and B

E. Both B and C

A. Half-life

92. The rate of reaction

(degradation) is independent to the

concentration of the reactants

A. Zero-order

B. First-order

C. Second order

D. Third order

E. Fourth

A. Zero-order

93. A graph of log C vs t yielded a straight

line. The order of reaction is;

A. Zero

B. First

C. Second

D. Third

E. Fourth

B. First

94. In first order reaction, the half-life is;

A. Constant

B. Not constant

C. One

D. Zero

E. 0.5

A. Constant

95. Second- order reaction behaves like a

first order is called;

A. Apparent zero order

B. Pseudo- second order

C. Pseudo-first-order

D. Apparent second order

E. Apparent first order

C. Pseudo-first-order

96. Which of following equation is used

to determine the first order half-life?

A. t1/2= 0.963/k

B. t1/2= 0.369/k

C. t1/2= 0.693/k

D. t1/2= 0.5/k

E. t1/2= 0.5/0.693

C. t1/2= 0.693/k

97. The study flow characteristics of

powders, fluids and semisolid is;

A. Rheopexy

B. Rheology

C. Thixotropy

D. Syneresis

E. Imbibition

B. Rheology

98. A material whose viscosity is

increased when stress is removed exhibits

what type of flow?

A. Newtonian

B. Dilatant

C. Plastic

D. Pseudoplastic

E. None of these

D. Pseudoplastic

99. The passive diffusion of drugs described by;

A. Fick's first law

B. Fick's second law

C. Stoke's law

D. Henry's law

E. None of these

A. Fick's first law

100. The pressure required liquefy the a

gas at its critical temperature is termed as;

A. Standard pressure

B. Atmospheric pressure

C. Vapor pressure

D. Critical pressure

E. Osmotic pressure

D. Critical pressure