Global and Philippine Healthcare Systems and Trends

This flashcard set covers the Global Healthcare situation, the Philippine Healthcare Delivery System, principles of cultural competence, and major health trends and statistics from the lecture notes.

Global Healthcare

The study, research, and practice of medicine aimed at improving health and health equity across populations worldwide, involving both medical and non-medical disciplines.

World Health Organization (WHO)

An international agency focused on advancing global health.

Culture

A set of patterns of human activity within a community or social group, including customs, laws, manner of dressing, architectural styles, religious beliefs, and traditions.

Health Disparities

A higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one group relative to another.

Health Care Disparity

Differences between groups in health insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and quality of care.

Chronic Illness

A long-lasting, persistent, and recurrent disease lasting more than $6$ months that requires ongoing medical attention or limits activities of daily living.

Culturally Competent Care

Individualized nursing care that demonstrates respect for dignity, personal rights, preferences, beliefs, and practices while acknowledging and preventing biases from interfering with care.

Equity (Principle of Cultural Competence)

A principle focused on balancing and justice within healthcare systems.

Diversity (Principle of Cultural Competence)

A principle focused on demographics and the identifying characteristics of groups (the 'who').

Intercultural Competence

The systems and processes used to effectively build DEI (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion) operational capacity.

Inclusion (Principle of Cultural Competence)

A principle focused on outcomes and engagement within the healthcare environment.

Belonging (Principle of Cultural Competence)

A principle focused on personal experiences and values.

PhilHealth

A government-owned corporation in the Philippines that administers public healthcare and subsidizes treatments, patient care, and surgeries.

Philippine Public Health Sector

A tax-based system divided into National (DOH) and Local (LGU) levels, including specialty hospitals and regional health units (RHUs).

Philippine Private Health Sector

A market-oriented system consisting of profit (commercial) and non-profit (socio-civic/religious) organizations.

Ischaemic heart diseases

The leading cause of mortality in the Philippines according to 2022 PSA data.

Acute Respiratory Infection

The leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines according to 2023 DOH-Epidemiology Bureau data.

Medical Tourism

A trend driven by the relative affordability and high quality of private healthcare facilities in the Philippines, such as St. Luke's Medical Center.

Three Causes of Death (WHO)

Classification comprised of Communicable (infectious/nutritional), Non-Communicable (chronic), and Injuries.

Communicable Diseases

Infectious and parasitic diseases, including examples like Tuberculosis, Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Diseases attributed to genetics, physiology, environment, and behavior, accounting for $70\%$ of deaths worldwide.

Dual Burden

A situation in developing countries where they must simultaneously deal with both communicable diseases and increasing death rates from non-communicable diseases.

Transcultural Nursing

A distinct nursing specialty focusing on global cultures and comparative cultural caring, health, and nursing phenomena to provide culturally congruent care.

2025 Life Expectancy Projection

The average life expectancy is projected to reach $73$ years old by the year 2025.

World Health Report (2007) Finding

Since 1970, new diseases have been identified at an average rate of $1$ or more per year.