Chem Test 1

tera

T (10^12)

giga

G (10^9)

mega

M (10^6)

kilo

k (10^3)

hecta

h (10²)

deca

da (10^1)

deci

d (10^-1)

centi

c (10^-2)

milli

m (10^-3)

micro

(10^-6)

nano

n (10^-9)

pico

p (10^-12)

cation

positively charged ions formed from losing electrons

anion

negatively charged ions formed from gaining electrons

emission vs absorbtion

absorption: atom or molecule taking in a photon of light to move from a lower energy level to a higher one

emission: atom or molecule releases a photon to move from a higher electron level to a lower one

electromagnetic mnemonic

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns

ionazation energy

how much energy required to remove an electron (higher as you move up and right on the periodic table)

electron affinity

how much an atom wants to gain an electron (increases going up and right on the periodic table)

electronegativity

the ability of an atom to hold electrons tightly (higher as you move up and right on the periodic table)

which are smaller, cations are anions and why?

cations because adding an electron makes an element bigger

isotopes

atoms of an element with the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons

ammonium

nitrate

sulfite

nitrite

sulfate

hydroxide

cyanide

phosphate

carbonate

hypochlorite

chlorite

chlorate

perchlorate

acetate

permanganate

dichromate

chromate

peroxide

trigonal planar

linear

tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal

bent

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

how to determine the order of energy levels (1s, 2s, ..)

(n+l)

isoelectronic

atoms, ions, or molecules with the same total amount of electrons