PSYSTATS - MIDTERMS

What is the purpose of the independent samples t-test?

• To compare the means of two independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.

What does it mean if t-computed < t-critical or p > 0.05 in an independent t-test?

• There is no significant difference between the two groups. Accept the null hypothesis.

What does it mean if t-computed > t-critical or p < 0.05 in an independent t-test? -

There is a significant difference between the two groups. Reject the null hypothesis.

If School A (M=30.7) and School B (M=38.1), and the result is significant, what does that mean? -

School B performs significantly better than School A in academic performance.

What is the purpose of a related samples t-test (paired)? -

To compare means of the same group before and after an intervention or over time.

If pretest mean is 10 and posttest mean is 11 for depression, and the result is not significant, what does that mean? -

Medicine ABC is not effective in reducing depression.

If pretest mean is 10 and posttest mean is 20 (higher = more depression), and result is significant, what does that imply?

There is a significant increase in depression, so Medicine ABC worsens depression.

If pretest mean is 10 and posttest mean is 5 (higher = more depression), and result is significant, what does that imply?

Depression scores dropped significantly - Medicine ABC is effective.

What is the purpose of One-Way ANOVA?

To compare the means of 3 or more independent groups to find out if at least one group differs significantly.

What does it mean if p > 0.05 in ANOVA?

There is no significant difference among the group means. Accept the null hypothesis.

What does it mean if p < 0.05 in ANOVA?

There is a significant difference in at least one group mean. Reject the null hypothesis and perform post hoc tests.

If School B has a significantly higher internationalization excellence score, what does that imply?

School B is statistically better than the other schools in internationalization excellence.

What is correlation used for in statistics

To measure the relationship (strength and direction) between two variables.

What does r = .70 and p < 0.05 between anxiety and depression indicate?

A strong positive relationship - as anxiety increases, depression also increases.

What does r = -.70 and p < 0.05 between anxiety and happiness indicate?

A strong negative relationship - as anxiety increases, happiness decreases.

What if p > 0.05 in a correlation test?

The relationship is not statistically significant. Accept the null hypothesis.

What does Two-Way ANOVA test for?

It tests the effects of two independent variables and their interaction on a dependent variable.

If gender has p < 0.05 in a Two-Way ANOVA, what does that mean?

There is a significant difference in performance between males and females.

If grade level has p < 0.05, what does that mean?

Grade levels differ significantly in performance.

If the interaction (gender * grade level) has p > 0.05?

The interaction effect is not significant - the combined influence of gender and grade level does not matter.