7.2.1 WHAP: Spread of Islam (Western Europe)

476

Fall of Western Roman Empire

732

Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France)

800

Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III

1054

Great Schism

1096-1270

Crusades try to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims

1215

Signing of Magna Carta in England

1337-1453

Hundred Years' War

1347-1351

Black Death devastates Europe

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Manorial system

An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors

Code of Chivalry

Social codes of knighthood that originated in France in the Middle Ages; associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honour and of courtly love; came to known as 'gentlemanly conduct.'

Charlemagne

King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival.

Holy Roman Empire

A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. In reality it was so decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe.

Guilds

Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests

Battle of Tours

[732 CE] European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe.

Scholasticism

This sought to synthesize the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy. Often associated with St. Thomas Aquinas.

Thomas Aquinas

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Black Death

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

Vikings

Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s

Longships

Narrow boats that allowed the vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages

Hundred Years' War

Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (1337-1453)

Magna Carta

[1215 CE] a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of England was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom