Pharmacology Part 2

acetazolamide

diuretic

natriuretic- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor affects proximal tubule, prevents sodium reabsorption weak affect

Furosemide

diuretic

natriuretic- loop diuretic inhibit Na, K, and Cl reuptake

hydrachlorothiazide

diuretic

natriuretic- thiazide affect distal tubule

indapamide

diuretic

natriuretic- thiazide affects distal tubule decreases sodium reabsorption

mannitol

diuretic

natriuretic and diuretic- osmotic diuretic its presence increases osmolarity in the nephron (high GFR and low reabsorption)

amiloride

diuretic

K sparing diuretic (meaning, only Na channel inhibitor) affect collecting tubule

spironolactone

diuretic/ adrenal

diuretic- aldosterone (corticoid) antagonist (K sparing diuretic) affects collecting tubule

captopril

hypertension

ACE inhibitor

clonidine

hypertension

central acting, adrenergic drug alpha 2 agonist

methyldopa

hypertension

Alpha 2 agonist

propranalol

hypertension

beta blocker, beta 1 and 2 (non cardio seletive)

minoxidil

hypertension

Direct vasodilator

losartan

hypertension

ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker

verapamil

hypertension

calcium channel blocker (NDP- diphenylakilamine, so affects both heart and blood vessels) cause muscle relaxation also a class IV anti arrythmia (block phase 2 and 4- slows both slopes)

aliskiren

hypertension

renin inhibitor

metoprolol

hypertension

beta blocker, just beta 1 specific

prozasin

hypertension

alpha 1 blocker

amlodipine

hypertension

calcium channel blocker (dihydropridine) causes vasodilation

nitroglycerine

Cardiac

Nitrate/Nitrite help by causing vasodilation (decreases preload, afterload, and increases oxygen supply)

dobutamine

Cardiac

Beta agonist cause vasodilation

digoxin

Cardiac

Cardiac glycoside blocks Na K pump acitivty, causes increased calcium in cell, causes increased contractility

adenosine

Cardiac

slows down conduction and automaticity in the AV node

Amiodarone

Cardiac

Class III potassium channel blocker anti arrythmia drug work by elongating ERP- stage 3 blocks, potassium, calcium, sodium, and alpha blocker

lidocaine

Cardiac

Class IB sodium channel blocker elongates phase 0 and shortens phase 3

sacubitril/valsartan

Cardiac

ARNI Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor works by inhibiting neprisylin, which increase natriuretic and angiotensin II

Neseritide

Cardiac

Natriuretic peptide it increases excretion of sodium by the kidneys

Ivabradine

Cardiac

HCN blocker Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide gated channel blocker inhibits SA node so just slows down heart rate

Vericiguat

Cardiac

sCG stimultor causes increase of cGMP and improves heart and vessel function stops structural changes

Ranolazine

Cardiac

Sodium channel blocker increases diastolic actvity

Esmolol

Cardiac

IV Cardioselective beta 1 blocker

Atenolol

Cardiac

Cardio selective beta 1 blocker

Flecainide

Cardiac

Sodium Channel blocker

Hydarlazine

Cardiac

Direct vasodilator

amoxicillin

antibiotic

semi synthetic, aminopenicillin bacteriocidal extended range drug cell wall inhibitor

Beta Lactam

clavulanic acid

antibiotic

penecillinase inhibitor

cefazolin

antibiotic

Cephalosporin drug first generation bacteriocidal

cefuroxime

antibiotic

cephalosporin drug second generation bacteriocidal

ceftriaxone

antibiotic

Cephalosporin drug third generation crosses CSF bacteriocidal

Cefepime

antibiotic

cephalasporin, 4th gen

imipenem

antibiotic

carbapenem Bactericidal

Beta Lactam

vancomycin

antibiotic

bactericidal

monobactam

ciprofloxacin

antibiotic

Fluoroquinolone drug, bacteriocidal based off time and cocentration has cross resistence

gentamicin

antibiotic

Aminoglycoside drug bacterioscidal concentration dependent

clindamycin

antibiotic

Lincosamide drug bacteriosatic

tetracycline

antibiotic

bacteriostatic

erythromycin

antibiotic

macrolide, bacteriostatic

neomycin

antibiotic

aminoglycoside drug bacterioscidal concentration dependent

sulfamethoxazole

antibiotic

Sulfonamide (bacteriostatic), PABA analog, folate inhibitor

rifampin

antibiotic

Rifamycin (bacteriocidal) paralyze RNA

methicillin

antibiotic

penicillin

metronidazole

antibiotic

bacteriocidal and antiprotozoal

cotrimoxazole

antibiotic

combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (synergic effect)

chloramphenicol

antibiotic

bacteriocidal

isoniazide

antibiotic

bacteriocidal (fast growing) or bacteriostatic (slow growing) pro therapy

amphotericin b

anti fungal

fungacide or fungistatic also called polyene

griseofulvin

anti fungal

fungistatic

fluconazole

anti fungal

triazole fungistatic

oseltamivir

anti viral

neuraminidase inhibitors

ribavirin

anti viral

 guanasine analog

lamivudine

anti viral

cytosine analog, inhibit RT

acyclovir

anti viral

guanasine analog, inhibits DNA polymerase

zidovudine (azt)

anti viral

NRTI, pyrimidine analog

ritonavir

anti viral

protease inhibitor

insulin glargine

diabetes

long acting insulin 2-8 hour onset, 20-24 hour duration

NPH insulin

diabetes

intermediate ating 6 hour onset, 10-18 hour duration

lispro insulin

diabetes

rapid acting insulin 30-60 minute onset. 3-4 hour duration

regular insulin

diabetes

short acting insulin 50-180 minute onset, 5-7 hour duration

pramlintide

diabetes

Synthetic amylin analog

semaglutide

Diabetes

Incretin mimetic (GLP1 receptor agonist)

metformin

diabetes

Biguanides, insulin sensitizer

Glipizide

diabetes

Sulfonylureas insulin secretegogues

repaglinide

diabetes

glinidine insulin secretegogues

acarbose

diabetes

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

rosiglitazone

diabetes

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) insulin sensitizer

sitagliptin

diabetes

DPP4 inhibitor

dapagliflozin

diabetes

SGLT2 inhibitor

somatropin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

GH replacement, recombinant DNA

octreotide

hypothalamus/ pituitary

somatostatin replacement anatagonist for GH recombinant DNA

cosyntropin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

ACTH replacement recombinant DNA

leuprolide

hypothalamus/ pituitary

GnRH replacement (analog BUT creates anatagonist affect) recombinant DNA

urofollitropin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

FSH replacement causes follicle growth postmenapausal urine or recomb DNA

menotropin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

FSH and LH replacement postmenapausal urine

cabergoline

hypothalamus/ pituitary

ergot alkaloid agonist to dopamine

desmopressin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

vasopressin substitute

pitocin

hypothalamus/ pituitary

oxytocin replacement recombinant DNA

levothyroxine

thyroid

T4 drug

liothyronine

thyroid

T3 drug

liotrix

thyroid

combination T4 and T3

propylthiouracil (PTU)

thyroid

thiomide drug prevent steps 3 and 4 (iodination and condensation) and T4 becoming T3

methimazole

thyroid

thiomide drug

iodide salts

thyroid

inhibit step 3 and 5 syntheiss and secretion of hormone

I 131

thyroid

radioactive iodine

ethynil estradiol

gonads

estrogen analog

tamoxifen

gonads/ cancer

SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator

raloxifen

gonads

SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator

mestranole

gonads

estrogen analog

levonorgestrel

gonads

progestin medication similar structure to androgens

norgestimate

gonads

progestin medication

clomiphene

gonads

SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator partial agonist "ago-antago" increases GnRH secretion

flutamide

gonads

androgenic antagonist