Milady Nail Technology Ch 4 - Nail Structure, Disorders & Diseases (NEW)

Groom & Beautify Nails

Having a thorough grasp of nail structure and growth will allow you to expertly:

Hangnail

Which of the following conditions are easily addressed in the salon?

some conditions cannot be treated in the salon

Nail Technicians must be able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy conditions on a clients nails because:

suggest the client seek medical attention

When a nail technician sees conditions that may signal mild to serious health problems, they should:

Natural Nail

The ____________ is the hard protective plate that protects the tips of fingers or toes.

Integumentary System

The natural nail is an appendage of the skin and is part of the _____________ system.

Natural Nail Unit

The _________________ is made up of several major parts. Including the nail bed, matrix, nail plate, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail folds.

Onyx

The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the:

Keratin

The nail is composed mainly of _________________, the fiber-shaped protein found in the skin and hair.

Pink

A normal, healthy nail is firm and flexible, shiny, and slightly ___________ in color.

Grooves

The nail folds form the nail _______ on each side of the nail.

Proximal Nail Fold

The _________ is the entire flap of skin covering the matrix, extending from the edge of the visible nail plate to the first joint of the finger.

Nail Plate

The _________ is the hardened keratin plate that sits on top of the nail bed; it is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit.

Free Edge

The ________ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.

Nail Bed

The ______ is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

Bed Epithelium

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the _________ .

Matrix

The ________ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed and extends from under the nail fold at the base of the nail plate.

Nourish

The matrix area contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to _________ the matrix cells.

Lunula

The _______ is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin.

Cuticle

The ______ becomes strongly adhered to the nail plate while still underneath the proximal nail fold and pulls away and adheres to the upper surface of the nail plate as it grows outward.

Eponychium

The _______ is the living skin underneath the proximal nail fold found at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area.

Hyponychium

The _______ is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate.

Ligament

A _______ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.

Nutrition

Which of the following affect the growth of the nail plate?

1/10" to 1/8"

The average rate of nail plate growth in the normal adult is about _______ per month.

The toenail matrix is longer than the matrix found in fingernails.

Why are toenail plates thicker than fingernail plates?

four to six months

Complete replacement of the nail plates takes about:

Matrix

The shape or thickness of the nail plate can change because of damage or infection to the:

Perform beauty and cosmetic services on consumers

As a nail technician you are licensed to:

Disorder

A nail _______ is an unhealthy condition of the nail that is either hereditary or caused by injury or disease of the nail unit.

Leukonychia

Whitish spots of discoloration of the nails, usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix, are called:

Onychorrhexis

Abnormal splits or brittle nails appearing as surface roughness on the nail plate due to heredity, injury to the matrix, excessive exposure to cuticle removers, harsh cleaning agents, or aggressive filing techniques, are called:

Beau's Lines

Depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner, are called:

Pincer Nail

A nail that has a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge is called:

Infections

Proper cleaning and disinfecting reduces the risk of spreading nail ________ from client to client.

Onychomadesis

Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed in either fingernails or toenails is a result of _________ .

Onychosis

__________ is an inflammation of the matrix and shedding of the nail caused by infection or injury.

Paronychia

Bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness, is caused by _________ .

Pyogenic Granuloma

This disease is characterized by a severe inflammation of the nail, in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate:

Any act that is legal for a licensee to perform in their state

Scope of practice clearly identifies and defines: