LSU Spanish 1152 Final

How to conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite tense

Drop the -ar ending and add the following endings:

é

aste

ó

amos

asteis

aron

How to conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense

aba

abas

aba

ábamos

abais

aban

Hablar imperfect conjugation

hablaba

hablabas

hablaba

hablábamos

hablabais

hablaban

Hablar preterite conjugation

hablé

hablaste

habló

hablamos

hablasteis

hablaron

Preterite: Regular -ir verbs

-í

-iste

-ió

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

ex. viví, viviste, vivió, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron

Preterite: Regular -er verbs

-í

-iste

-ió

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

ex. comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron

Ser and ir preterite conjugation

fui

fuiste

fue

fuimos

fuisteis

fueron

Dar preterite conjugation

di

diste

dio

dimos

disteis

dieron

Hacer preterite conjugation

hice

hiciste

hizo

hicimos

hicisteis

hicieron

Rules for using the preterite form of a verb:

The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.

The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times.

The preterite is used for actions that occurred during a specific period of time.

The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events.

The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.

-ar and -er stem-changing verbs in the preterite:

-ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs.

-er stem-changing verb example: entender

entender

entendí

entendiste

entendió

entendimos

entendisteis

entendieron

-ar stem-changing verb example: cerrar

cerré

cerraste

cerró

cerramos

cerrasteis

cerraron

Stem-changing ir verb rules:

-ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense do change in the preterite, but in a different way. They change e:i and o:u in the third person, singular and plural.

Stem-changing ir verb example: dormir

dormí

dormiste

durmió

dormimos

dormisteis

durmieron

More preterite rules:

Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu

Verbs that end in -car change c to qu

Verbs that end in -zar change z to c

More preterite rules for stem-changers:

For verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, and -oer, the él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) and the third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i."

preterite: creer, caer, leer, oír

preterite: creer, caer, leer, oír

creí

creíste

creyó

creímos

creísteis

creyeron

preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluir

preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluir

huí

huiste

huyó

huimos

huisteis

huyeron

preterite: ver

vi

viste

vio

vimos

visteis

vieron

Expressions that signal use of preterite

ayer

(yesterday)

la semana pasada

(last week)

anoche

(last night)

el mes pasado

(last month)

el otro día

(the other day)

el año pasado

(last year)

entonces

(then)

hace dos días, años

(two days, years ago)

esta mañana

(this morning)

ayer por la mañana

(yesterday morning)

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

a menudo

(often)

generalmente

(usually)

a veces

(sometimes)

muchas veces

(many times)

cada día

(every day)

siempre

(always)

cada año

(every year)

todo el tiempo

(all the time)

de vez en cuando

(from time to time)

varias veces

(several times)

Direct object pronouns:

me (me)

te (you-familiar)

lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)

nos (us)

os (you-all-familiar)

los, las (them, you-all-formal)

Direct object pronoun example:

Tengo = I have

Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen.

La tengo. = I have it.

Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change the first pronoun to "se."

le lo = se lo

le la = se la

le los = se los

le las = se las

les lo = se lo

les la = se la

les los = se los

les las = se las

Example 1:

Ellos me los dan.

They give them to me.

IO pronoun: me

DO pronoun: los

Example 2:

Ella te la vende.

She sells it to you.

IO pronoun: te

DO pronoun: la

Present progressive: Regular -ar verbs:

hablar: hablando

(hablar - ar + ando)

trabajar: trabajando

(trabajar - ar + ando)

estudiar: estudiando

(estudiar - ar + ando)

Present progressive: Regular -er and -ir verbs:

comer: comiendo

(comer - er + iendo)

hacer: haciendo

(hacer - er + iendo)

vivir: viviendo

(vivir - ir + iendo)

escribir: escribiendo

(escribir - ir + iendo)

Present Progressive: Orthographic changes:

caer: cayendo

creer: creyendo

huir: huyendo

ir: yendo

influir: influyendo

oír: oyendo

traer: trayendo

leer: leyendo

seguir: siguiendo

Present Progressive rules:

estar + present participle

I am speaking (right now, at this moment)

Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future.

Imperfect tense rules:

The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually.

The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action.

The imperfect is used for telling time and stating one's age and telling time.

-The imperfect is used for describing something and weather expressions.

Irregular imperfect verb: ver

veía

veías

veía

veíamos

veíais

veían

Ser vs. estar

Ser (Identity)

-physical description, personality and character, nationality, race, gender, profession, origin, What things are made of

-Things which "Take Place" or "Occur" in Time:

Dates, days, seasons, time, events, concerts, parties

Estar (Condition)

-Location and motion of things and people

Emotional, physical & mental states of (our bodies') being:

Feelings/moods/emotions, physical conditions or appearances, civil state (married, single, divorced, dead)

Direct and indirect object pronouns example:

A quien le trajo el regalo?

______ _____ trajo a mi.

Me lo trajo a mi.

Direct and indirect object pronouns example #2:

A quien la trajo a gorra?

______ ______ trajo a Linda.

-"Le" because of Linda, "La" because of gorra

-"Le" must be changed to "Se."

-So the answer is, "Se la trajo a Linda."

Subjunctive:

La maestra nos recomienda que nosotros ______(ir) a la playa manana.

The answer is vayamos.

Subjunctive, example #2:

Es importante que ____ (dormir) antes del viaje a la montana.

durmamos

grandmother/grandfateher

abuela/abuelo

grandparents

abuelos

great-grandmother/great-grandfather

bisabuela/bisabuelo

sister-in-law/brother-in-law

cuñada/cuñado

spouse

esposo

brother/sister

hermano/hermana

son/daughter

hijo/hija

stepmother/stepfather

madrastra/madrastro

half-brother/half-sister

media hermano/media hermana

grandson/granddaughter

nieto/nieta

father/mother

padre/madre

relative

pariente

uncle/aunt

tio/tia

parents

padres

cousin

primo/prima

nephew/niece

sobrino/sobrina

father-in-law/mother-in-law

suegro/suegra

near

cerca de

far from

lejos de

inside

dentro de

outside

fuera de

beneath, under

debajo de

on top of, above

encima de

behind

detrás de

in front of

delante de

opposite

enfrente de

beside

al lado de

on

sobre

between

entre

by

por

before

antes de

after

después de

instead of

en vez de

lawyer

abogado

businesswoman

mujer de negociados

doctor

medico

nurse

enferma

computer programmar

programadora de computadoras

accountant

contador

teacher

maestra

housewife

ama de casa

salesclerk

dependienta

cashier

cajero

journalist

periodista

waitress

mesero

soap

jabon

comb

peine

scissors

tijeras

shaving cream

crema de afetair

bed

cama

toothpaste

pasta de dientes

nada

nothing

nadie

nobody

ningun/ninguno

no, none, any

ni...ni

Neither...nor

nunca

never

tampoco

either, neither

algo

something

alguein

someone, somebody

Expressions that indicate the subjunctive will NOT be used:

creer que ...

to believe that ...

no dudar que ...

to not doubt that ...

es cierto que ...

it is certain that ...

es claro que ...

it is clear that ...

es evidente que ...

it is certain that ...

es obvio que ...

it is obvious that ...

estar seguro que ...

to be sure that ...

es verdad que ...

it is true that ...

no cabe duda que ...

there's no doubt that ...

no es dudoso que ...

it is not doubtful that ...

no hay duda que ...

there is no doubt that ...

Expressions that indicate that the subjunctive will be used:

a menos que ...

unless ...

antes (de) que ...

before ...

con tal (de) que ...

provided that ...

cuando ...

when ...

conviene que ...

it is advisable that ...

después (de) que ...

after ...

dudar que ...

to doubt that ...

en caso de que ...

in case ...

en cuanto ...

as soon as ...

es aconsejable que ...

it's advisable that ...

es bueno que ...

it's good that ...

es difícil que ...

it's unlikely that ...

es dudoso que ...

it is doubtful that ...

es fácil que ...

it's likely that ...

es fantástico que ...

it's fantastic that ...

es importante que ...

it's important that ...

es imposible que ...

it's impossible that ...

es improbable que ...

it's unlikely that ...

es incierto que ...

it's uncertain that ...

es increíble que ...

it's incredible that ...

es (una) lástima que ...

it's a pity that ...

es malo que ...

it's bad that ...

es mejor que ...

it's better that ...

es menester que ...

it's necessary that ...

es necesario que ...

it's necessary that ...

esperar que ...

to wish that ...

es posible que ...

it's possible that ...

es preciso que ...

it's necessary that ...

es preferible que ...

it's preferable that ...

es probable que ...

it's probable that ...

es raro que ...

it's rare that ...

es ridículo que ...

it's ridiculous that ...

estar contento que

to be happy that ...

es terrible que ...

it's terrible that ...

hasta que ...

until ...

insistir en que ...

to insist that ...

mandar que ...

to order that ...

más vale que ...

it's better that ...

mientras que ...

while ...

negar que ...

to deny that ...

no creer que ...

not to believe that ...

no es cierto que ...

it's not certain that ...

no estar convencido de que ...

to not be convinced that ...

no estar seguro de que ...

to not be sure that ...

no es verdad que ...

it's not true that ...

no imaginarse que ...

to not imagine that ...

no parecer que ...

to not seem that ...

no pensar que ...

to not think that ...

no suponer que ...

to not suppose that ...

ojalá que ...

if only he would ...

para que ...

in order that ...

pedir que ...

to ask that ...

preferir que ...

to prefer that ...

prohibir que ...

to prohibit that ...

puede ser que ...

it may be that ...

querer que ...

to want that ...

recomendar que ...

to recommend that ...

rogar que ...

to plead that ...

sentir que ...

to regret that ...

sin que ...

without ...

sugerir que ...

to suggest that ...

tan pronto como ...

as soon as ...

temer que ...

to fear that ...

tener miedo de que ...

to be afraid that ...

Ir a + infinitive

To be going to do something

(voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van)