Correlative Imaging - Sonography

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Last updated 1:30 PM on 9/9/26
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28 Terms

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How are sonographic images created?

As sound waves enter the body, they interact with the tissue and body fluids. Depending upon the type of tissue, the sound waves either reflect, refract, or transmit.

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Piezoelectric Effect

Energy conversion from pressure to electric and electric to pressure

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Transducer

Changes one form of energy into another

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Sound Wave

Expansion and compression of the piezoelectric crystal

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Frequency

Measure of how many complete cycles of vibrations occur in one second

Measured in Hz

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Range of transducer frequencies commonly used in diagnostic medical sonography (DMS)

1,000,000-20,000,000 Hz (1-20 MHz)

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Key events in the history of sonography

1940's/1950's - WWII SONAR ultrasound

1970's - ultrasound introduced into medicine

1980's - Doppler

1990's - profession faced quality control and cost containment issues

2000's - 3D/4D

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2D B-Mode

2-dimensional real-time or real-time gray-scale

<p>2-dimensional real-time or real-time gray-scale</p>
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3D/4D Volume Imaging

3-dimensional/4-dimensional or volume imaging

<p>3-dimensional/4-dimensional or volume imaging</p>
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M-Mode

Motion mode

<p>Motion mode</p>
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Color Doppler

Demonstrates presence of blood flow with color

<p>Demonstrates presence of blood flow with color</p>
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Spectral Doppler

Estimates blood flow velocity

<p>Estimates blood flow velocity</p>
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Sagittal Orientation

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Transverse Orientation

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Coronal Orientation

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Echogenic

Capable of producing echoes

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Anechoic

Without echoes

<p>Without echoes</p>
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Hypoechoic

Low-level echoes

<p>Low-level echoes</p>
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Hyperechoic

High-level echoes, bright, white

<p>High-level echoes, bright, white</p>
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Homogeneous

Smooth texture

<p>Smooth texture</p>
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Inhomogeneous

Not uniform/smooth texture

<p>Not uniform/smooth texture</p>
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Shadowing

A structure absorbs/blocks sound

<p>A structure absorbs/blocks sound</p>
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Enhancement

Increased echogenicity beneath low attenuating structures

<p>Increased echogenicity beneath low attenuating structures</p>
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Cystic

Anechoic, smooth borders, enhancement

<p>Anechoic, smooth borders, enhancement</p>
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Complex

Echogenic and anechoic components

<p>Echogenic and anechoic components</p>
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Solid

Echogenic (hypoechoic, medium or hyperechoic)

<p>Echogenic (hypoechoic, medium or hyperechoic)</p>
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Structures that are likely to cause shadowing on sonographic images

Calcium deposits, stones, bones, & foreign objects

May occur when gas or air gets between the transducer and your target

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Structures that are likely to cause enhancement on sonographic images

Cysts and bladder

May occur behind the gallbladder.

Usually doesn't occur behind blood vessels