Chapter 5 Word Power Greek and Latin Roots

morpheme

units of meaning that can be attached or inserted to a simple word

affixation

adding a morpheme to modify the meaning of a word

affix

prefix (before), infix (in the middle), or suffix (at the end)

derived adjectives

forms of a word that have an affix attached to them

derivative

word derived from a root in a different language

noun + suffix -Y (< OE < OTeut.)

having the qualities of

noun + suffix -LY (< OE < OTeut.)

having the appearance of

noun + suffix -ISH (< OE < OTeut.)

having the nature or character of

noun of adj. + -SOME (< OE < OFris., cf. OS & OHG -sam)

full of

noun + FUL

full of, characterized by

-alis

Latin suffix, “pertaining to”

evolved to English -al

special circumstance latin suffix -aris

comes into E as -ar, -ary

“pertaining to”

suffix -ilis

comes into English as -ile and -il

relating to aspects of human lifespan

Normally “like (something)”

doublets of gentile

gentle, genteel, and jaunty

from French gentil

-alis and -ilis create

3rd declension adjectives

-anus and -inis create

1 and 2 declension adjectives

Roma >

Romanus (E Roman)

urbs, urbis >

urbanus (E urban and urbane)

-inus comes into English as

-ine

-arius

forms 1 and 2 declension nouns

generally mean “pertaining to”

evolved into -er in English

-arium

neuter from of -arius

comes into English as -ary or -arium

-osus

full of

comes into English as -ous or -ose

-lentus

comes into English as -lent

full of

ewer is a doublet of

aquarium