The brain and eye: Organism level systems: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

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20 Terms

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Brain

A mass of nerve tissue consisting of billions of interconnected neurones that acts as the main control centre of the nervous system

<p>A mass of nerve tissue consisting of billions of interconnected neurones that acts as the main control centre of the nervous system</p>
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Cerebral cortex

The outer region of the cerebrum that contains sheets of nerve cells controlling memory, consciousness, language and intelligence

<p>The outer region of the cerebrum that contains sheets of nerve cells controlling memory, consciousness, language and intelligence</p>
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Cerebrum

The main part of the brain that is divided into a right hemisphere and a left hemisphere

<p>The main part of the brain that is divided into a right hemisphere and a left hemisphere</p>
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Cerebellum

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills including balance and movement

<p>A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills including balance and movement</p>
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Hypothalamus

A small region at the base of the brain, it directs several maintenance activities such as eating, drinking and controlling body temperature

<p>A small region at the base of the brain, it directs several maintenance activities such as eating, drinking and controlling body temperature</p>
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Pituitary gland

A master gland attached to the hypothalamus, responsible for releasing many different hormones that regulate specific processes and functions

<p>A master gland attached to the hypothalamus, responsible for releasing many different hormones that regulate specific processes and functions</p>
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Hindbrain

The lower part of the brainstem that include the cerebellum

<p>The lower part of the brainstem that include the cerebellum</p>
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Medulla

The base of the brainstem which controls heartbeat and breathing

<p>The base of the brainstem which controls heartbeat and breathing</p>
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Eye

A sense organ that detects light and is responsible for vision

<p>A sense organ that detects light and is responsible for vision</p>
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Sclera

The white outer part of the eye that provides protection

<p>The white outer part of the eye that provides protection</p>
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Cornea

The transparent tissue that covers the front of the eye, it controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye

<p>The transparent tissue that covers the front of the eye, it controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye</p>
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Iris

The coloured part of the eye behind the cornea that regulates the size of the pupil

<p>The coloured part of the eye behind the cornea that regulates the size of the pupil</p>
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Pupil

The dark opening in the centre of the pupil, it varies in size to regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina

<p>The dark opening in the centre of the pupil, it varies in size to regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina</p>
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Lens

A transparent structure located behind the iris that focuses light on the retina at the back of the eye

<p>A transparent structure located behind the iris that focuses light on the retina at the back of the eye</p>
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Ciliary muscles

Muscles which work with the suspensory ligaments to adjust the shape of the lens in order to focus on near or far objects

<p>Muscles which work with the suspensory ligaments to adjust the shape of the lens in order to focus on near or far objects</p>
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Suspensory ligaments

Ligaments which work with ciliary muscles to adjust the shape of the lens in order to focus on near or far objects

<p>Ligaments which work with ciliary muscles to adjust the shape of the lens in order to focus on near or far objects</p>
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Retina

The light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye containing light and colour receptor cells

<p>The light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye containing light and colour receptor cells</p>
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Optic nerve

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the receptor cells of the eye to the brain

<p>The nerve that carries neural impulses from the receptor cells of the eye to the brain</p>
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Light receptor cells

Also called rod cells, these are highly light sensitive and are responsible for vision in dimly-lit conditions

<p>Also called rod cells, these are highly light sensitive and are responsible for vision in dimly-lit conditions</p>
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Colour receptor cells

Also called cone cells, these can detect a wide spectrum of light and are responsible for the perception of colour

<p>Also called cone cells, these can detect a wide spectrum of light and are responsible for the perception of colour</p>