Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonding + structure

*Valency: What is the valency of an element?

The number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines

What is a compound?

A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined

What is the Octet Rule?

When bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

What is an ion?

A charged atom or group of atoms

What is an ionic bond?

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.

Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

What is a transition metal?

An element that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel

What is a covalent bond?

A chemical bond that is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

What is a molecule?

A group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

Sigma bond

a covalent bond formed by the head-on overlap of two orbitals

pi bond

A covalent bond formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals