AP WORLD KEY CONCEPT AND & VOCAB

Period 1: 1200 - 1450, Major trans-regional trade networks

Silk Roads

Indian Ocean Trade

Trans-Saharan Trade

Mediterranean Trade

Mongol Empire facilitating Silk Roads

Swahili Coast city-states

Period 1: 1200 - 1450, Effects of the Mongol Empire

Pax Mongolica (increased trade)

Spread of the Black Death

Cultural exchange across Eurasia

Destruction of cities (e.g., Baghdad)

Expansion of trade routes

Diffusion of gunpowder

Period 1: 1200 - 1450, Major belief systems influencing societies

Buddhism (East/Southeast Asia)

Islam (Dar al-Islam expansion)

Christianity (Europe)

Hinduism (South Asia)

Confucianism (China)

Neo-Confucianism (Song Dynasty)

Period 1: 1200 - 1450, Forms of labor systems

Serfdom (Europe, Russia)

Slavery (Africa, Islamic world)

Tribute systems (Aztec Empire)

Mit’a system (Inca Empire)

Peasant labor (China)

Period 1: 1200 - 1450, innovations that improved trade

Caravanserai

Compass

Lateen sail

Astrolabe

Paper money (China)

Banking systems (Islamic world)

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, Causes of European Exploration

Ottoman control of trade routes

Desire for spices/luxuries

Spread of Christianity

Advances in navigation (caravel, compass)

Renaissance culture

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, Effects of Columbian Exchange

Spread of diseases (smallpox)

Population decline in Americas

Transfer of crops (maize, potatoes)

Rise of plantation economies

Movement of animals (horses)

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman Empire

Safavid Empire

Mughal Empire

Use of cannons/firearms

Expansion through military conquest

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, systems of coerced labor

Atlantic slave trade

Encomienda system

Hacienda system

Mit’a system (Spanish adaptation)

Indentured servitude

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, causes of the protestant reformation

Corruption in Catholic Church

Sale of indulgences

Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

Printing press spreading ideas

Desire for political autonomy

Period 2: 1450 - 1750, centralizing state power

Louis XIV (France)

Tokugawa Shogunate (Japan)

Ming Dynasty bureaucracy

Ottoman administrative systems

Spanish monarchy consolidation

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, Enlightenment ideas/philosophers influencing politics

John Locke (natural rights)

Rousseau (social contract)

Montesquieu (separation of powers)

Voltaire (free speech)

Right to revolution

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, Major political revolutions

American Revolution

French Revolution

Haitian Revolution

Latin American revolutions

Revolutions of 1848

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, causes of the industrial revolution

Access to coal and iron

Capital investment

Agricultural revolution

Political stability in Britain

Colonial resources

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, effects of the industrial revolution

WILL BE UPDATED SOON

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, Resistance to Imperialism

Sepoy Rebellion (India)

Zulu resistance

Boxer Rebellion (China)

Ghost Dance (U.S.)

Ethiopian victory at Adwa

Period 3: 1750 - 1900, Justifications for Imperialism

Social Darwinism

Civilizing mission

Economic exploitation

Nationalism

Religious conversion

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, causes of World War 1

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Social Darwinism

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Totalitarian Regimes

Stalin (USSR)

Hitler (Germany)

Mao Zedong (China)

Mussolini (Italy)

Use of propaganda/purges

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Causes of World War II

Treaty of Versailles

Rise of fascism

Rise of communism

Economic depression

Expansionism (Germany, Japan, Soviet Union)

Failure of League of Nations

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Cold War Conflicts

Korean War

Vietnam War

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Proxy wars in Latin America

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, DE-Colonization Movements

Indian independence

Algerian War

Vietnamese independence

Ghana independence

Indonesian independence

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Green Revolution Impacts

Increased crop yields

Use of fertilizers

Environmental consequences

Population growth

Mechanization of farming

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Globalization Effects

Spread of multinational corporations

Cultural diffusion

Internet/technology

Economic interdependence

Outsourcing labor

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Human Rights Movements

Civil Rights Movement (U.S.)

Anti-apartheid movement

Women’s rights movement

LGBTQ+ rights movement

United Nations initiatives

Period 4: 1900 - The Present, Environmental Challenges

Climate change

Deforestation

Pollution

Loss of biodiversity

International agreements (Paris Agreement)