test 3 microdeck 2

can you touch the sterile shaft of an acupuncture needle during insertion?

No. Never touch the sterile shaft.

What should you inspect before using a needle?

Packaging for punctures/rips, expiration date, and evidence of water exposure.

What happens to unused needles from an opened multipack after treatment?

Discard them in the sharps container.

Can unused needles from an opened multipack be used on another patient?

No

When should a sharps container be replaced?

When it is ¾ full. 

Can you push down the contents of a sharps container to make room?

no

Where should a sharps container be located?

Close to the treatment table on a flat, stable surface or secured to a nearby wall.

What is the greatest source of infection risk to the practitioner and patient in CNT?

Contaminated needles.

Which hepatitis virus is most likely to be passed by needlestick? Why?

HBV, because of its high bioload.

How is HAV primarily transmitted?

Fecal-oral.

What is HAV's incubation period?

15–50 days.

Is HAV chronic?

No.

Is there an HAV vaccine?

Yes.

How is HBV transmitted?

Blood and body fluids.

What is HBV's incubation period?

45–160 days.

Is there an HBV vaccine?

yes

Does HBV have a high or low bioload?

high

How is HCV primarily transmitted?

Bloodborne.

What is HCV's incubation period?

14–180 days.

What percentage of HCV infections become chronic?

75–85%.

Is there an HCV vaccine?

No

According to the presentation, approximately what percentage of HCV cases develop cirrhosis?

20%

What makes HDV unique?

It requires concurrent HBV infection.

is there a vaccine specifically for HDV?

No, but HBV vaccination protects against HDV because HDV requires HBV.

How is HEV transmitted?

Fecal-oral.

What is HEV's incubation period?

15–60 days.

Is HEV chronic?

No

Is there an HEV vaccine according to your course material?

No

Which hepatitis viruses are fecal-oral?

HAV + HEV.

Which hepatitis viruses have vaccines in your class material?

HAV + HBV.

Which hepatitis infection becomes chronic in 75–85% of cases?

HCV

Which hepatitis virus depends on another hepatitis virus?

HDV depends on HBV.

How is HIV transmitted?

Through exchange of infected body fluids, including blood, semen, and vaginal secretions.

Is HIV spread through casual contact such as hugging or holding hands?

No

Does HIV survive for long outside the human body?

No

What cells does HIV primarily target?

CD4 (T4) lymphocytes.

What is the normal CD4 count listed in your presentation?

500–1500 cells/µL.

What CD4 count is associated with AIDS in the presentation?

Below 200 cells/µL.

What is the average progression from HIV infection to AIDS given in the lecture?

8–10 years.

When can initial HIV illness occur after infection?

Approximately 2–4 weeks, often as a febrile/flu-like illness.

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

Airborne.

What TB incubation period is given in the presentation?

12 weeks.

What kills TB according to the class material?

Exposure to light.

What does MRSA stand for?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

How is MRSA commonly transmitted?

Skin-to-skin contact.

What should an acupuncturist do if suspicious MRSA lesions are observed?

Do not treat the lesions; refer the patient for medical assessment.

How long can HBV survive on surfaces?

7+ days.

How long can HCV survive on surfaces?

4–5 days.

How long can MRSA survive on surfaces?

Up to 90 days.

How long can influenza survive on surfaces?

24 hours.

How long can C. difficile survive on surfaces?

5 months.

Which major bloodborne pathogen in your notes does NOT survive long outside the human body?

HIV