Unit 1 Exam - Paramedic

Anatomical Position

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet slightly apart

Superior/Inferior

Toward the head/Toward the feet

Anterior(Ventral)/Posterior(Dorsal)

Front/Back

Medial/Lateral

Toward the midline/Away from the midline

Tachy-

Too fast

Brady-

Too slow

Hypo-

low

Hyper-

High

Intra-

Within

Peri-

Around

-itis

Inflammation

-emia

Blood condition

-algia

Pain

-pathy

Disease

Cardi

Heart

Neur

Nerve

Osteo

Bone

Glyc

Sugar

Cells are the smallest unit of life and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Mitochondria

ATP production and use glucose

Nucleus

Control center and has DNA

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

Packages and ships proteins

Lysosomes

Waste breakdown

Cell membrane

Control what enters and leaves the cell

Diffusion

Particles move from high-low and want to reach equilibrium

Osmosis

Movement of solvent from a low solute concentration to a high solute

Facilitated diffusion

Particles move from high-low but need protein to move

Active transport

Moves substances against a gradient from low to high

Aerobic

Requires oxygen, high ATP output

Anaerobic

No oxygen, lactic acid production

Hypertrophy

Increase in cell size

Atrophy

Decrease in cell size

Metaplasia

Reversible change in cell type

Apoptosis

Programmed, controlled cell death

Necrosis

Uncontrolled, injury-related cell death

Hyperplasia

Increase in number of cells

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

~2/3 of body water, high potassium (28L)

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

~1/3 of body water, high sodium (14L), Interstital (11L), Intravascular (3L)

Sodium (Na)

Fluid balance, nerve conduction

Potassium (K)

Cardiac and muscle function

Calcium (Ca)

Muscle contraction, clotting

Magnesium (Mg)

Neuromuscular activity

Isotonic

No net water movement

Hypotonic

Water moves into the cells

Hypertonic

Water moves out of cells

Acidosis

Body pH below 7.35

Alkalosis

Body pH above 7.45

Normal body pH

Between 7.35-7.45

ADH (Vasopressin)

Increase water reabsorption

ANP

Promotes sodium and water excretion

RAAS

Increases sodium and water retention

Epithelial tissue

Covers and lines surfaces

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary, responsible for movement and attached to bone

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary, striated and is heart and pumps blood

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, non-striated is in walls of hollow internal structures and vessels

Nervous tissue

Responsible for receiving, transmitting, and processing signals

Connective tissue

Support and binding (Ex: bone, blood, cartilage)