image equipment unit 3

Uses pixl values within a specific area of interest; uses pixel values in a sub-region rather than the entire image.

ROI

Evens out the brightness in the image; changes black areas to white or white areas to black.

equalization

Uses interpolation to assign a pixel value.

dexel drop out correction

Maintains consistent brightness in the case of over or under exposure.

rescaling

Eliminates the visualization of detector seams; equalizes the response of the anode heel effect.

flat fielding

Helps to reduce strain to the eye from high brightness levels; adds a black mask over bright areas.

electronic cropping or masking

Suppresses quantum noise, but will lead to a loss of spatial resolution.

Smoothing

Increases the contrast along the edges of a structure.

edge enhancement

Sets standard for exchanging test-based patient information.

Health lebel 7 (HL7)

Universal standard for exchanging medical images among medical devices.

Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)

Keeps the grayscale and contrast consistent when transferring images.

gray scale display function

Collection of patient information for a provider in digital format

electronic medical records (EMR)

System that receives, stores, distributes, and displays digital images

picture archiving and communication system (PACS)

Improves the efficiency, accuracy, usability, and reliability of imaging services.

imaging informatics

Allows patient demographics to be available at a modality and eliminates manual data entry to avoid data entry error.

modality worklist

Patient information used throughout the hospital; information from all aspects of patient care (billing, repots, labs, etc)

hospital information system (HIS)

Patient information system that contains radiology specific infomration and images

radiology information system (RIS)

Contains health infomration for a patient that includes all providers, specialists, and clinicians throughout a patients lifetime

electronic health records

Excessive edge enhancement leads to _____

Halo artifact

Excessive equalization leads to _____.

metal mottle

Smooth can reuslt in ______

decrease in spatial resolution

Pre-processing or post-processing: flat fielding

pre processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: dexel drop out correction (interpolation)

pre processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: rescaling

pre processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: look-up tables

pre processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: annotation

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: measuring

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: flip/rotate

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: edge enhancement

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: equalization

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: smoothing

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: ROI

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: masking/ cropping

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: stitching

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: magnification

post processing

Pre-processing or post-processing: inversion

post processing

What process is employed to maintain consistent digital image brightness for over-exposure or under-exposure?

1. rescaling

2. histogram

3. exposure indicator

4. lookup tables

rescaling

The ambient light at a digital image workstation should be:

1. daylight bright

2. slightly dimmed

3. near darkness

4. ambient light does not affect monitors

near darkness

Applying too much edge enhancement to a digital image can result in which one of the following?

1. ghost artfiacts

2. halo artifact

3. decreased brightness of the image

4. dead pixel artifacts

halo artifact

What digital process alters image brightness and contrast (grayscale) to improve the visibility of anatomic communicate.

1. automatic rescaling

2. histogram analysis

3. exposure indicator

4. lookup table

lookup table

This is a universally accepted standard that enables imaging systems from different manufacturers to communicate.

1. HIS

2. DICOM

3. SMPTE

4. EMR

DICOM

Which one of the following is not a function during post-processing of the displayed digital image?

1. automatic rescaling

2. electronic masking

3. windowing

4. edge enhancement

automatic rescaling

_______ is a software correction that is performed to equalize the response of each pixel to a uniform x-ray beam.

1. smoothing

2. shuttering

3. flat fielding

4. image inversion

flat fielding

This is a processing technique that is applied to a digital image to improve the contrast along the edges of a structure.

1. smoothing

2. edge enhancement

3. rescaling

4. equalization

edge enhancement

Imaging _____ aims to improve the efficiency, accuracy, usability and reliability of medical imaging services withing the healthcare enterprise.

1. protocols

2. informatics

3. assurance

4. quality control

informatics

“metal mottle” is associated with:

1. smoothing

2. equalization

3. shuttering

4. edge enhancement

equalization

Smoothing is an image processing technique that:

1. reduces megnification of the image

2. reduces image blur

3. reduces noise in the image

4. reduces patient exposure

reduces noise in the imagereduces noise in the image

Which one of the following effects changes in image brightness?

1. window level

2. window width

window level

This is the mathematical process of assigning a value to a dead pixel, row or column based on the recorded values of adjacent pixels.

1. interpolation

2. pixel shift

3. sampling

4. quantization

interpolation

The standards for the performance of software used to exchange text-based electronic information in health care are called:

1. TCP/IP codes

2. DICOM headers

3. internet protocols

4. HL7

HL7

Which one of the following is not a function during post-processing of the displayed digital image?

1. electronic collimation

2. annotation

3. look-up tables

4. smoothing

look-up tables

This makes patient demographic information from the radiology information system (RIS) available at a modality, eliminating dual entry and providing data integrity.

1. modality worklist

2. gray scale display function

3. internet protocols

4. health level 7

modality worklist