Military History Test 2

Sarissa

1. This is the spears that Philip’s soldiers used

2. It was around 20 feet long 

3. This was longer than the regular Greek spear

4. This made his phalanx more powerful

Olympias

1. She was the mother of Alexander

2. She believed her son would be a great man

3. Her relationship with Philip began to go bad

4. She told Alexander his real father was Zeus

Takeover

1. Philip eventually took over all of Greece 

2. His armies were able to defeat both Sparta and Athens 

3. The Greek cities were forced to sign an alliance with Philip 

4. Alexander was leading parts of Philip’s army when he was a teenager

Assassination

1. Philip divorced Olympias 

2. Philip remarried and had a new son

3. Soon after that Philip was stabbed to death 

4. His own body guard killed him

Invasion

1. Alexander became king after his father’s death

2. He decided to attack the Persian empire 

3. His mother helped to run the country while he was away 

4. His troops carried 30 days of food

Achilles

1. Alexander compared him to Achilles

2. He visited the tomb of the Achilles before he attacked the Persians 

3. He took the armor from Achilles tomb 

4. Alexander had a similar personality to Achilles

Grancius

1. This was the first battle between Alexander and Persia 

2. The battle was fought along a river

3. Alexander used a feint to draw the Persian out 

4. Alexander led the cavalry after the feint

Cleitus

1. Alexander was targeted by the Persians

2. He was almost killed in the battle

3. He was saved by Cleitus 

4. Cleitus was the commander of the cavalry

Results

1. The Persians panicked and fled 

2. Alexander captured 2000 Greek mercenaries

3. The mercenaries were turned into slaves 

Tyre

1. This was a city in Lebanon

2. It was located on the sea 

3. Alexander sieged the city for months 

4. Alexander designed siege weapons to take them down

Egypt

1. Alexander was welcomed in Egypt

2. Egypt hated the Persians 

3. Alexander visited an oracle in the desert 

4. The oracle told him he was a son of a God

Alexandria

1. Alexander built a large city in Egypt 

2. He became a major court 

3. It had the largest library in the world

4. The cities light house was one of the seven wonders of the world

Background

1. The Persian King tried to make a deal with Alexander 

2. He offered to give Alexander the western half of the empire 

3. Alexander refused his offer

4. Alexander moved from Egypt to Iraq

Movement

1. Alexander moved from Egypt to Iraq

2. Alexander stayed near the coast 

3. He did this to get supplies from his fleet 

4. He avoided the desert

Gaugamela

1. This was a town in northern Iraq

2. The Persian try to block Alexander near this town

3. The Persian put their cavalry on their flanks 

4. The Persian put the immortal in the center

Battle

1. Alexander moved his cavalry to the right

2. Alexander sent his center falance to fight  

3. This brought the immortal out to face them 

4. Alexander took his cavalry and made a wiege formation

Outcome

1. Alexander hit the area around the king

2. This caused the Persians to panic 

3. The Persian king fled the battle field

Cleitus Murdered 

1. Alexander wanted people to treat him like a God

2. Many Greeks didn't like his arrogance 

3. Cleitus criticized Alexander during a feast 

4. Alexander killed him in a drunken rage

Punjab

1. Northern part of India 

2. Farthest east Alexander reached 

3. Alexander wanted to continue, but his troops wanted to go home

Elephants

1. Indians were the first to use these in battle 

2. The rider was called a mahout 

3. The mahout carried a hammer to kill the elephant 

4. Horses were usually terrified of elephants

Porus

1. An Indian king who fought Alexander 

2. Fought him along a river in India 

3. The Greeks threw javelins at the enemy mahouts 

4. This caused the elephants to panic and kill their own men

Aftermath

1. Alexander admired the courage of Porus

2. Captured him as the battle ended 

3. Allowed him to keep his land 

4. Alexander founded a town named after his horse, which died in the battle

Death

1. Alexander's health began to decline after his return from India 

2. Most likely died of malaria 

3. He was only 32 when he died 

4. His body was brought back to Alexandria

Founding

1. City is located in central Italy

2. City was founded by the latins 

3. City is named Romulus after

4. According the legend he killed his brother Renus

Geography

1. Italy was protected from the north by the Alps

2. Shaped like a boot

3. City is on tiber river

Government

1. Rome was a republic 

2. The government was run by elected officials 

3. The senate was the main governing body

4. They had two consuls

Patricians

1. Those were the elite Romans 

2. These families made the most important decisions

Plebeians

1. These were common Romans

2. They could veto laws passed by the senate

Religion

1. They’re religion was similar to the Greeks

2. Zeus was called Jupiter 

3. Ares was called Mars

4. The Romans believed in Omens

Gladiators

1. This was the most popular sport in Rome

2. They were originally held to honor the dead

3. Eventually people began to bet on the games

4. The latin word for sword is gladius

Legion

1. The most important Roman military unit 

2. A legion had about 5000 soldiers

3. Each legion had its own number and flag

Gladius

1. This was a Roman short sword

2. It was the main weapon of the Roman soldier

Pilum

1. This is a Roman spear

2. The soldiers would throw it before charging 

3. Once it hit something it was hard to remove

Shield

1. The Romans carried a large shield 

2. It was in the shape of a rectangle 

3. When they linked is called a testudo

Cohort

1. Legions were broken up into Cohorts 

2. Each Cohort had 500 men

3. This made a legion flexible

Buccina

1. This is a horn 

2. It was used to communicate orders during battle

Scorpion

1. This was a giant crossbow 

2. It could pierce armor