first quiz of the year
causes of the revolution war
Heavy taxes
Increased centralized government
French-Indian war made colonists realize how different they were from Great Britain
werenât being represented in the Great Britain government
John Locke
person behind most of the philosophy of the revolution war
what does a just government look like?
limited government
natural rights
popular sovereignty
social contract
state of nature
labor theory of property
limited government
the government is limited in what it can do
In order to not violate rights, they have limited power
Natural rights
Initial list: life, liberty, property
changed after the passing of the declaration of independence
God given rights that the government canât take away
Revolutionary for the time, because people believed that natural rights were given by the government
Popular sovereignty
the people are the source of government power
social contract theory
An implicit agreement among the people in a society to give up some freedoms in order to maintain social order
Purpose of the government is to make & enforce rules that protect the peoples rights
Government cannot improperly violate the peoples rights in the name of social order
If the government does violate rights, the people have the right to dissolve the government
state of nature
Ideal of what what humans look/interact like in a state of nature (before the government)
Everyone is equally free, all born equal, all born free, all born with certain natural rights
Labor theory of property
If you mix labor with something, that becomes yours (assuming that you own the components)
liberalism
based on constitutionally guaranteed rights of individuals being the primary concern
personal/individually > public/community
republicanism
theory that emphasizes participation of citizens for the common good of the community
stresses public rights and obligations of the people in support of their community
is more rooted in the political + civic ideas of classical antiquity
European enlightenment put forward republican ideas
needs of the community considered superior to the claims of the individual
Strengths of the Articles of Confederation
treaty of Paris (1783)
Northwest ordinance/land ordinance
kept the states together
federal aid to education (NW Ordinance)
Weakness of the Articles of Confederation
no separate executive
one vote per state
no federal courts
9 states required to pass legislation (2/3)
13 states required to amend
no power to tax
couldnât draft troops
no standard national currency (States had their own as well)
inability to repay french loans
British retention of forts in the northwest
no regulation of interstate commerce
Spainâs denial of right of deposit at New Orleans
boundary disputes between states
little trade with Britain
members often failed to attend congress
inability to protect settlers from Indian attacks
Barbary pirates raided shipping
States taxed each otherâs goods
structure of the Articles of Confederation
9 states required to pass legislation (â )
13 states required to amend
One vote per state
No federal courts
No separate executive
No power to taxÂ
No standard national currency (sts had own as well)
Shayâs rebellion
under the AOC â> the country was in debt and the national government had no way to raise money to repay this debt
the responsibility fell to the states who passed new taxes to try and raise money to meet these obligations
A group of farmers and American Revolution war veterans in Massachusetts became increasingly angry at their state government
faced higher taxes they couldnât pay, loss of property, and even the possibility of debtorâs prison
this group under shayâs leadership called for an end to the heavy burdens as well as demanding debt relief
1787 â> the rebellion march into an armory and the governmentâs militia put down the rebellion
caused the founding fathers to realize that a stronger government was needed
led to the adoption of the Constitution
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the senate Â
Was a compromise between: small states and large statesÂ
Compromised by: (bicameral legislature 2 houses)Â
Senate â equal number of senators (2 per state)Â
Chosen by state legislatures
Changed by the 17th amendment â 1913Â
Elected by popular vote
House of Representatives â based on population
 Popular vote
â
Compromise
â slaves were counted to determine a stateâs total population for legislative representationÂ
Also applied to taxationÂ
States were taxed on the number of populationÂ
Was a compromise between: the non-slave and slave states
Slave Trade Compromise
it prohibited regulation changes to the slave trade for 20 years and it protected the interests of slave ownersÂ
Congress canât touch the international slave trade for 20 yearsÂ
But after 20 years, the international slave trade is abolished  Â
Was a compromise between: north and southern states
Electoral College
Was a compromise between: the election of the president by a vote in congress and the election of the president by a popular vote of the qualified citizensÂ
Depending on how many electoral votes are in each state that determines the next president of the U.S.Â
Compromised by: the founding fathers