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What is cell division?
Cell division is the process by which cells replicate to produce new cells, essential for growth, repair, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
What are the types of cell division?
The main types of cell division are mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of somatic (body) cells to produce two identical daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is the division of germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the chromosome number.
What is binary fission?
Binary fission is a division process in prokaryotic cells like bacteria.
What is interphase?
Interphase is the preparatory phase of the cell cycle, involving growth and DNA replication.
What happens in the G1 phase?
In the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
What occurs during the S phase?
During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, forming two identical sister chromatids.
What is the G2 phase?
The G2 phase involves further growth and preparation for mitosis.
What is the mitotic phase?
The mitotic phase (M phase) includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division that occurs after mitosis.
What is a G1 checkpoint?
The G1 checkpoint ensures that cell size and the environment are suitable for division.
What is a G2 checkpoint?
The G2 checkpoint checks for the completeness of DNA replication before entering mitosis.
What is an M checkpoint?
The M checkpoint verifies proper chromosome alignment during mitosis.
What are cyclins?
Cyclins are proteins that activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to regulate the cell cycle.
What are CDKs?
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are enzymes that regulate progression through the cell cycle.
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is programmed cell death that prevents the proliferation of damaged cells.
What is the significance of checkpoints?
Checkpoints prevent errors in cell division by ensuring conditions are favorable and processes are complete.
What role do cyclins and CDKs play in the cell cycle?
Cyclins and CDKs work together to regulate the timing and progression of the cell cycle.
How does binary fission occur?
In binary fission, circular DNA replicates, the cell elongates, and the plasma membrane pinches in to divide the cell.
What is the importance of cell division in organisms?
Cell division is crucial for growth, repair, reproduction, and maintaining the overall health of organisms.
How can cell division relate to cancer?
Cancer involves uncontrolled cell division, leading to the proliferation of abnormal cells.
Why is DNA replication critical in the S phase?
DNA replication is critical in the S phase because it ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
What is the outcome of mitosis?
The outcome of mitosis is two identical daughter cells with the same genetic material as the parent cell.
What occurs during cytokinesis?
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate and complete cells.
What happens if a cell fails the G1 checkpoint?
If a cell fails the G1 checkpoint, it may not proceed to DNA replication or division.
What is the function of the G2 checkpoint?
The G2 checkpoint ensures that all DNA is correctly replicated and damages are repaired before mitosis.
