ethics c9 - c10

refers to the moral principles and standards that guide professionals in the practice of their profession. It ensures that professionals provide quality, honest, and responsible service to the public.

Professional Ethics

Key Concerns of Professional Ethics

1. Understanding the nature of professions.

2. Guiding professionals through ethical principles.

3. Protecting the rights and duties of professionals and clients.

4. Promoting healthy professional-client relationships.

5. Ensuring quality and efficient service.

6. Preventing graft, corruption, and unethical behavior.

7. Helping professionals address ethical dilemmas.

8. Encouraging responsibility toward colleagues and professional organizations.

Importance of Studying Professional Ethics

* Develops ethical awareness.

* Helps solve ethical problems in the workplace.

* Encourages integrity, responsibility, and professionalism.

* Strengthens public trust in professionals.

* Promotes understanding of the role of professionals in society.

Features of a Professional

1. Responsibility to the Public Good – serving society through leadership, continuous improvement, and protecting the profession.

2. Professional Maturity and Moral Responsibility – continuous learning, research, competence, and accountability.

3. Adherence to Clients – loyalty, honesty, integrity, and concern for clients’ welfare.

4. Code of Professional Conduct – following ethical rules and standards expected by society.

– serving society through leadership, continuous improvement, and protecting the profession.

1. Responsibility to the Public Good

– continuous education, research and reform, moral responsibility, financial remuneration, professional adherence

2. Professional Maturity and Moral Responsibility

– Ongoing learning and training to improve knowledge and skills throughout one’s career.

Continuous Education

– Conducting studies and developing improvements to advance the profession and solve problems.

Research and Reform

– Acting ethically, honestly, and responsibly while considering the welfare of others.

Moral Responsibility

– Receiving fair compensation or payment for professional services rendered.

Financial Remuneration

– Following the profession’s standards, code of ethics, rules, and regulations.

Professional Adherence

– loyalty, honesty, integrity, and concern for clients’ welfare.

3. Adherence to Clients

– following ethical rules and standards expected by society.

4. Code of Professional Conduct

is an occupation that requires specialized education, training, skills, and knowledge, and is primarily aimed at serving others rather than simply earning money.

A profession

Concept of a Profession

• Respect, trust, inferiority, obedience

Superior

Concept of a Profession

• Respect, trust, equality, camaraderie

Peer

Concept of a Profession

• Respect, trust, authority, superiority

Subordinate 

Concept of a Profession

• Respect, equality, camaraderie

Office mate

Types of Professions

1. Consulting Professions

2. Scholarly Professions

* Work directly with individual clients.

* Usually paid through professional fees.

* Examples:

    * Law

    * Medicine

    * Architecture

    * Accountancy

    * Engineering

    * Guidance Counseling

1. Consulting Professions

* Work with groups or institutions.

* Usually receive salaries or wages.

* Examples:

    * Teachers

    * Researchers

    * Nurses

2. Scholarly Professions

is the application of ethical principles, rules, and standards in the workplace.

* It refers to the moral duties and obligations of employees and employers.

* It serves as a guide in determining what is right and wrong in work-related situations.

Work ethics

* Any activity involving mental or physical effort to achieve a result.

* Helps individuals satisfy their needs and improve their quality of life.

* It contributes to personal growth and societal development.

Work

* Means investing time and effort to complete tasks.

* Success is achieved through perseverance, industry, and hard work.

Diligence

Duties of Employees

Employees are expected to:

1. Work diligently.

2. Work honestly with the organization.

3. Respect the employer.

4. Contribute to the organization’s vision, mission, and goals.

5. Follow the organization’s work ethics.

Employers are also expected to observe the ff

1. Respect the human dignity of workers.

2. Recognize employee contributions.

3. Treat employees as partners.

4. Assign jobs according to employees’ strengths.

5. Provide fair wages and salaries.

6. Provide opportunities for professional development.

7. Allow time for religious practices.

8. Teach wise use of salaries and wages.

9. Allow employees time for family.

10. Provide opportunities for promotion and career growth.

Importance of Work Ethics

Work ethics:

* Guides employee behavior.

* Promotes productivity and efficiency.

* Helps maintain harmonious employer-employee relationships.

* Prevents workplace conflicts.

* Builds trust within the organization.

* Encourages excellence and continuous improvement.

* Serves as a guide in decision-making.

* Rights are inherent to every person by virtue of being human.

* Are universal, interdependent, and interrelated.

Human Rights in Work Ethics

* Organizations must respect the dignity of all workers.

* Equal treatment should be given regardless of:

    * Age

    * Sex

    * Race

    * Religion

    * Nationality

Work Ethics and Human Rights

No person shall be deprived of:

* Life

* Liberty

* Property

without due process of law.

Importance:

* Supports survival needs.

* Provides income.

* Helps support one’s family.

* Develops self-worth and self-esteem.

* Allows personal and professional growth.

RESPECT FOR BASIC EMPLOYEE RIGHTS

“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.”

This provision protects every person’s fundamental rights.

Due Process

* No one can be deprived of rights without a fair legal process.

* In employment, an employee cannot be dismissed without a valid reason and proper procedure.

Bill of Rights (Article III, Section 1)

“The State shall afford protection to labor, promote full employment, ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race or creed, and regulate the relations between workers and employers.”

The government has the duty to:

Protect Labor

Promote Full Employment

Equal Work Opportunities

Regulate Employer-Employee Relations

Labor Code of the Philippines (Article 3, Declaration of Basic Policy)

This is the most important constitutional provision

The Constitution guarantees workers the following rights:

Seven Constitutional Rights of Workers

1. Right to Organize

2. Right to Collective Bargaining

3. Right to Strike (Peaceful Concerted Activities)

4. Right to Security of Tenure

5. Right to Humane Working Conditions

6. Right to a Living Wage

7. Right to Participate in Policy and Decision-Making

Article XIII, Section 3 (Social Justice and Human Rights)

Workers may:

* Form unions.

* Join labor organizations.

* Associate with groups that protect their interests.

Purpose:

To strengthen workers’ collective voice.

1. Right to Organize

Workers can negotiate with management regarding:

* Wages

* Benefits

* Working conditions

Purpose:

To ensure fairness and mutual agreement.

2. Right to Collective Bargaining and Negotiation

Workers may:

* Protest

* Conduct demonstrations

* Strike lawfully

when negotiations fail.

Purpose:

To protect employee interests through legal means.

3. Right to Peaceful Concerted Activities Including Strike

Employees cannot be dismissed without:

* Just cause

* Due process

Purpose:

To provide job stability and protection from arbitrary termination.

4. Right to Security of Tenure

Workers are entitled to:

* Safe workplaces

* Healthy environments

* Reasonable working conditions

Purpose:

To protect physical and mental well-being.

5. Right to Humane Conditions of Work

Workers must receive compensation sufficient for a decent standard of living.

A living wage should help workers:

* Buy necessities

* Support their families

* Maintain dignity

Purpose:

To ensure social justice.

6. Right to a Living Wage

Workers may participate in decisions affecting:

* Their rights

* Benefits

* Working conditions

Purpose:

To promote employee involvement and industrial democracy.

7. Right to Participate in Policy and Decision-Making Processes

Focus

* Duties

* Rules

* Obligations

Example

An accountant refuses to approve a fraudulent transaction because it violates professional rules and responsibilities.

Key Idea

“Do the right thing because it is your duty.”

1. Deontology (Duty-Based Ethics)

Focus

* Results

* Consequences

Example

An accountant rejects a request because it may negatively affect the company and its stakeholders.

Key Idea

“Choose the action that produces the best outcome.”

2. Consequentialism (Outcome-Based Ethics)

Focus

* Character

* Moral values

Example

An accountant acts honestly because honesty is part of their character.

Key Idea

“Be a good person and good actions will follow.”

3. Virtue Ethics (Character-Based Ethics)