Organic Reactions

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Last updated 6:45 PM on 6/17/23
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34 Terms

1
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What reaction occurs in a catalytic converter?
2NO + 2CO → N₂ + 2CO₂
2
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What is the catalyst in a catalytic converter?
Pt
3
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What is the initiation step to form a chlorine radical?
Cl₂ → 2Cl∙
4
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What are the conditions for forming a free-radical?
UV light
5
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How does Cl∙ deplete the ozone layer?
∙Cl + O₃ → O₂ + ClO∙

ClO∙ + O₃ → 2O₂ + Cl∙
6
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What is the reaction for the fermentation of glucose?
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
7
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What are the conditions for fermentation?
Yeast (catalyst) and warm, but not above 37°C
8
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What is the reaction for the hydration of ethene?
C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH
9
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What are the conditions for the hydration of ethene?
Conc. H₃PO₄ catalyst, steam, high temperature and pressure
10
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What 3 equations do you use to show how fermentation is carbon-neutral? (just name)
Photosynthesis, fermentation, combustion of ethanol
11
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What is the reaction for the oxidation of ethanol to ethanal, using \[O\]?
CH₃CH₂OH + \[O\] → CH₃CHO + H₂O under distillation
12
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What is the reaction for the oxidation of ethanal to ethanoic acid, using \[O\]?
CH₃CHO + \[O\] → CH₃COOH under reflux
13
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What is the recation for the reduction of an aldehyde (CH₃CHO) by nucleophilic addition, using \[H\]?
CH₃CHO + 2\[H\] → CH₃CH₂OH
14
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What is the reation for the reduction of ketones (CH₃COCH₃) by nucleophilic addition, using \[H\]?
CH₃COCH₃ + 2\[H\] → CH₃CHOHCH₃
15
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What is the essential reagent in the reduction of carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) and what is the nucleophile?
H₂O/NaBH₄, H⁻ is the nucleophile
16
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What is the reaction for the reduction of an aldehyde (CH₃CHO) using HCN?
CH₃CHO + H⁺ + CN⁻ → CH₃CH(OH)CN under reflux
17
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What is the reaction for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol (CH₃CHOHCH₃), using \[O\]?
CH₃CHOHCH₃ + \[O\] → CH₃COCH₃ + H₂O, under reflux
18
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What is the reaction for the reduction of aldehydes (CH₃CHO) by hydrogenation?
CH₃CHO + H₂ → CH₃CH₂OH, Ni or Pt catalyst
19
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What is the reaction for the reduction of ketones (CH₃COCH₃) by hydrogenation?
CH₃COCH₃ + H₂ → CH₃CHOHCH₃, Ni or Pt catalyst
20
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What is the reaction to go from a nitrile to COOH group? (C₂H₅CN)
C₂H₅CN + 2H₂O → C₂H₅COOH + NH₃, acidic conditions (dil. HCl)
21
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What is the reaction to go from a nitrile (C₂H₅CN) to a 1° amine, using \[H\]?
C₂H₅CN + 4\[H\] → C₂H₅CH₂NH₂, H₂/Ni catalyst reduction
22
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What is the reaction for esterification (ethanoic acid + methanol)?
CH₃COOH + CH₃OH → CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O, H₂SO₄ catalyst
23
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Whats the reaction for the hydrolysis of esters (methyl ethanoate) under acidic conditions?
CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O → CH₃COOH + CH₃OH, refulx
24
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Whats the reaction for the hydrolysis of esters (methyl ethanoate) under alkaline conditions?
CH₃COOCH₃ + NaOH → CH₃COO⁻ Na⁺ + CH₃OH, reflux
25
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What is the reaction for the catalyst used in the acylation of benzene? (CH₃COCl)
CH₃COCl + AlCl₃ → CH₃CO⁺ + AlCl₄⁻
26
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What is the overall equation for the nitration of benzene? (C₆H₆ + HNO₃)
C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O
27
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What 2 acids are needed for the nitration of benzene?
**Concentrated** H₂SO₄ and **Concentrated** HNO₃
28
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What is the equation for the formation of the nitronium in (NO₂⁺)?
H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ → HSO₄⁻ + H₂O + NO₂⁺
29
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What is the reaction for nitrobenzene to phenylamine, using \[H\]?
C₆H₅NO₂ + 6\[H\] → C₆H₅NH₂ + 2H₂O, Sn/HCl catalyst, NaOH solution
30
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What is the reaction to go from an amide to an amine, using \[H\]?
CH₃CONH₂ + 4\[H\] → CH₃CH₂NH₂ + H₂O
31
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What is the reaction and conditions to go from a 1° alcohol (C₂H₅OH) to an alkene (C₂H₄)?
C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O, Conc. H₂SO₄
32
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What are the conditions and reaction for going from an alcohol (C₂H₅OH) to a bromoalkane?
C₂H₅OH + HBr → C₂H₅Br + H₂O, with H₂SO₄ and under reflux
33
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How does Chlorine react with water WITHOUT UV light?
Cl₂ + H₂O → 2H⁺ + ClO⁻ + Cl⁻
34
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How does chlorine react with water in the prescence of UV light?
Cl₂ + H₂O → 2HCl + 0.5O₂

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