Intro to Animal Science Post Test - Exam 2

The incubation period for chicken eggs is

21

________ is the average length of the estrous cycle in the ewe and ______ is the average length of the estrous cycle in the sow

17 and 21 days

Advances in AI permit livestock producers to use outstanding sires for genetic improvement and to control reproductive diseases in their herds. True or False

True

The release of the ovum in cows or ova in sows is often referred to as

ovulation

The incubation period for turkey eggs is

28

In our class discussion the funnel-like structure that catches the ova as they are released from the ovary of a sow during ovulation is known as the:

infundibulum

The scar tissue(s) structure (s) left on the ovary after ovulation occurs in either the cow or sow reproductive tract is/are known as:

corpus lutea

In the sexually mature boar or bull _____ cells are involved in the generation of spermatozoa

seminiferous tubules

Ovarian functions occur in a cyclic manner following puberty. This cyclic nature of events is known as the:

estrous cycle

The hormone in the female animal that causes the cessation of pregnancy or triggers parturition is

PGF2 - alpha

Only the right ovary is functional in producing an ovum in the avian species because the left ovary atrophies. True or False

False

The ovum is enclosed in a fluid filled cavity during development. This structure on the ovary is known as the

follicle

____ is the length of gestation in the cow.

282 days

__________ is the reproductive technique or process used to control the estrous cycle so that the female animals in the herd are in estrus at the same time

estrus synchronization

_________ and _________ are considered technological advances in reproduction

artificial insemination and embryo transfer (A and B above)

________ is the length of gestation in ewe or doe

150 days

________ is the hormone secreted by the female reproductive tract that causes sexual excitability in cows, ewes, sows, etc.

estrogen

_______ is the length of gestation in the sow

114 days

Fertilization occurs in the oviduct in the female reproductive tract because during estrus conditions in the Fallopian tube are suitable for fertilization to occur. True or False

True

In the sexually mature gilt or heifer _________ cells are involved in the production of the female secondary sex hormone estrogen.

Graafian follicle

______ is the length of gestation in the mare.

336 days

Which major hormone is produced by testicullar cells that is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

testosterone

______ is the meitic process that results in the development of the sperm in male farm animals

spermatogenesis

The hormone in the female animal that stimulates follicular development is _____

FSH

Artificial insemination a technology in animal reproduction allows for extensive use of outstanding sires for genetic improvement. AI is primarily used for genetic improvement in the beef industry than in the dairy industry. True or False

False

Ovarian functions occur in a cyclic manner following puberty. The period of time when the animal shows signs of sexual receptivity is referred to in reproductive physiology as:

estrus

The hormone that is produced by the corpus lute and functions in preventing estrus during pregnancy or maintaining pregnancy is known as:

progesterone

Factors affecting sperm production are numerous in animal production. Which of the following factors would be considered a hereditary factor that affects sperm production

cryptorchids

Sperm stored in the oviduct is capable of fertilizing eggs for up to 30 days in turkeys and 10 days in chickens. True or False

True

In male birds (chickens) the testicles are retained in the abdomen even after they are hatched. The following statement(s) is(are) sure about the male birds at sexual maturity.

produces viable spermatozoa that can fertilize an ovum, produces testosterone (b and c above)

A cryptorchid is an animal whose testicles do not drop into the scrotal sacs at birth. A cryptorchid bull will typically be able to produce spermatozoa that is viable and will fertilize an ovum if the ejaculate is used (through AI) to mate a cow. True or False

False

In the sexually mature boar or bull ______ is the site of sperm cell maturation and storage in the testicle

epididymis

The hormone in the female animal that triggers ovulation the ovum or ova from the ovary is

LH

Which principal hormones are involved in bringing about successful parturition?

Prolactin and Oxytocin

Factors affecting sperm production are numerous in animal production. Which of the following factors would be considered an environmental factor that affects sperm production

high temperatures, underfeeding (A and C above)

________ is the hormone secreted by the female reproductive tract that causes sexual excitability in cows, ewes, sows, etc.

estrogen

The primary organ of the female reproductive system produces _______ & ______, while the primary organ of the male reproductive system produces _______ & ________

ova & estrogen, and spermatozoa & testosterone

In our class discussion, the funnel-like structure that catches the ova as they are released from the ovary of a sow during ovulation is known as the:

infundibulum

_______ is the reproductive technique used to allow the cow to produce more ova during the estrous cycle so that the cow in the herd can be mated to produce multiple embryos for embryo transfer

super ovulation

The anatomy and the ability to produce an offspring is quite different in birds as compared to mammals. True or False

True

______ is the meiotic process that results in the development of an ovum in the cow.

oogenesis

The increase in performance often observed in the crossbred progeny over the average performance of their parents is often referred to in genetics as:

hybrid vigor

In the sexually mature boar or bull _____ cells are involved in the production of the male secondary hormone testosterone.

leydig cells

Reproductive efficiency in farm animals is measured by the number of ______

calves or lambs per 100 females, eggs produced per year, pigs per litter (all of the above)

In the sexually mature boar or bull _______ cells are involved in the generation of seminal fluids to add volume to spermatozoa

seminal vesicles

Reproductive efficiency is a trait of great economic importance in farm animal production. To increase reproductive performance you as a future manager of an animal production unit must:

know the proper anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system, give priority in your management location to improving reproductive performance ( a and b above)

Your animal science instructor in a discussion about inducing the parturition process in domestic animals (cows, sows, ewes, does, etc.) indicated that women of child bearing age working on the farm should never be allowed to handle the following product used in the parturition inducing process:

lutalyse

Which of the following domesticated farm animals are known to be seasonally polyestrus?

mare & ewe

In livestock production what is the reason given by producers for castrating male animals that are raised and sold as meat animals?

to remove boar taint, to make them easy to handle, to remove the sex-related odor (all of the above)

What major hormone is produced by the cells of the Graafian follicle

follicle stimulating hormone

In which of the following livestock industry is artificial insemination used the most?

dairy cattle industry

List the four phases of the estrous cycle in the proper sequence of the estrous cycle events

proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus

What is the main function of the placenta in the cow reproductive system?

housing and protection of the developing fetus

In animal reproduction, the advantages of the technologies of multiple ovulations, estrus synchronization, embryo sexing and transplantation is the increase production of bull calves in beef cattle and increased production of heifer calves in dairy cattle. True or False

True

Which one of the following structures relaxes and allows the sigmoidal flexure of the bull to straighten during mating and ejaculation

retractor penis muscle

Many environmental and hereditary factors affect fertility in both sires and dams; however, hereditary factors are usually temporary while environmental factors are usually permanent. True or False

False

_______ is the term used to refer to the force that moves food after swallowing throughout the animal's gastrointestinal tract (digestive system)

peristalsis

Which of the following enzymes is involved in protein digestion in the mono gastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

pepsin

_______ is the ends-product of protein digestion in the mono gastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

amino acids

______ is the endproduct of carbohydrate digestion in the mono gastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

glucose

______ and ______ respectively are the active sites of digestion and nutrient absorption in the monastic animal's gastrointestinal tract?

duodenum and jejunum

In the video viewed in Lab this semester, the veal producers in the video monitored ______ in the calves because of the feed that is fed to the calves

iron levels

In a discussion at the Pioneer Swine center during the Farm tour as well as in a video viewed in Lab, your instructor as well as the swine producer indicated that on a swine farm there are two different environmental practices in the farrowing house. Which one of the following statements is true?

a warm environment for the piglets and cool environment for the sows

The ruminant animal (the cow) has 4 stomach compartments: List in the right sequence or order of ingesta movement through these 4 compartments in an adult cow

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

A nutrient is a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life: ______ is the most costly nutrient and _____ is the most important nutrient in livestock nutrition

protein and water

Which one of the following would not be considered as the general characteristic of forages?

high in energy

_____ is the reproductive technique or process used to control the estrous cycle so that female animals in the herd are in estrus at the same time

estrus synchronization

During the reproductive tracts dissection or videos viewed in labs the previous week, we dissected both cow and sow reproductive tracts. In one of those drafts we observed fetal growth in the reproductive tracts; which tract did we observe this in?

cow tract

In which of the following livestock industries is AI used the most?

dairy cattle industry

During the tour of the Dairy Enterprise at the Pioneer Farm, your instructor or Cory the Dairy Enterprise Manager indicated that there were approximately ______ number of cows in the milking herd.

150 - 160 cows

During the tour of the Swine Center at the Pioneer Farm, your instructor indicated that the environment of one of the many distinct swine rooms was the most difficult to manage; which one of the following rooms was the one he was referring to?

farrowing and lactation room

The jejunum is the active site of nutrient absorption in the small intestines. True or False

True

A nutrient is a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life: __________________ is the most costly nutrient and ___________ is the most important nutrient in livestock nutrition.

protein and water

Which one of the following would not be considered as the general characteristic of forages?

high in energy

In the video viewed in Lab this semester, the veal producers in the video monitored _______________ in the calves because of the feed that is fed to the calves.

iron levels

The ruminant animal (the young calf prior to 6-8 weeks of age) has 4 stomach compartments; List in the right sequence or order o finest movement through these 4 compartments in the young calf.

reticulum, omasum, abomasum

What major hormone is produced by the cells of the Graafian follicle

follicle stimulating hormone

List the four phases of the estrous cycle in the proper sequence of the estrous cycle events.

Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus

The jejunum is the active site of nutrient digesting in the small intestines. True or False

False

What is the main function of the placenta in the cow reproductive system?

housing and protection of the developing fetus

In animal reproduction, the advantages of the technologies of multiple ovulations, estrus synchronization, embryo sexing, and transplantation is the increased production fo bull calves in beef cattle and increased production of heifer calves in dairy cattle. True or False

True

The small intestines of the mono gastric animal (the sow) has 3 regions: List in the right sequence or order of the ingesta movement through these 3 regions in the sow.

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which one of the following structures relaxes and allows the sigmoidal flexure of the bull to straighten during mating and ejaculation

retractor penis muscle

Farm animals' daily feed intake generally ______ as environmental temperatures (e.g. summer temperatures) increase.

decreases

______ is considered as the active site of digestion in the digestive system of the pig.

duodenum