Autonomic nervous system

Introduction to anatomy of ANS

Parasympathetic system is

cranio-sacral

Mechanoreceptors

free nerve endings in smooth muscle

nociceptors

visceral free nerve endings

baroreceptors

nerve endings in blood vessel adventitia

chemoreceptors

in carotic sinus and aortic arch

Afferent pathway is made of A delta and C fibers that are included within ________ nerves and cranial nerves _____,_____,_____

spinal, VII, IX, X

Synapses for visceral afferences of spinal nerves - pathway

int-lat nuclei (lat division of post root), to supraspinal centers

afferent first order neurons located in

peripheral ganglia of nerves

afferent second orders neurons located in

nucleus tractus solitarius

afferent third order neurons located in

VPL and VPM thalamic nuclei

efferent first order neurons located in

lat horn spinal cord for sympathetic
vegetative nuclei in brainstem + sacral spinal cord for parasympathetic

efferent pathway has what type of axons

b-type myelinated fibers

What smooth muscle systems do effectors of ANS go to

iris, bronchiolae, gastro-intestinal, genitourinary

What gland systems do effectors of ANS go to

sweat, exocrine and endocrine

Sympathetic - preganglionic neuron in

lat horns of spinal cord T1-L2, distribute via white communicant branch to paravertebral sympathetic chain

Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia

chain lat to vertebrae, interconnected by grey fibers, form sympathetic trunk

Sympathetic intermediate ganglia

separate ganglia next to sympathetic trunk

sympathetic coccygian ganglion

unpaired, at inf fusion point of 2 sympathetic trunks

rr. communicantes grisei

postganglionic, thin and unmyelinated

Sup cervical ganglion - connections

n jugularis, rr laringopharyngei, n cardiacus sup, n caroticus int, nn carotici ext

Middle cervical ganglion - connections

n cariacus medius, thyroid plexus

Inf cervical ganglion - connections

ansa subclavia, plexus subclavius, n cardiacus inf, n vertebralis

Major splanchnic nerves

originate in ganglions T6-9, made of preganglionic fibers to celiac plexus

Lesser splanchnic nerves

originate from T11-12, end in celiac plexus

Least splanchnic nerve

originate at T12, to retroperitoneum

celiac ganglion of prevertebral ganglia

fibers from greater splanchnic nerve

sup and inf mesenteric ganglion of prevertebral ganglia

fibers from lesser splanchnic nerve

aorticorenal ganglion of prevertebral ganglia

fibers from least splanchnic nerve

Preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic system found in

CNS (cranial) and sacral spinal cord

Soma of cranial part of parasympathetic system - location

vegetative nuclei of brainstem

Soma of sacral part of parasympathetic system - location

intermediate substance of sacral spinal cord

Neurotransmitter of parasympathetic system

acetylcholine

Parasympathetic ganglia have only synaptic _________

afferences

N vagus has vegetative fibers from

nucleus salivatorius inf and nucleus dorsalis

Ciliary ganglion - afferences and efferences

a - oculomotor root of ncl edinger-westphal
e - short ciliary nerves

Pterygopalatine ganglion - afferences and efferences

a - facial root from ncl salivatorius sup
e - pterygopalatine nerves

otic ganglion - afferences and efferences

a - ncl salivatorius inf
e - to auriculotemporal nerve

Submandibular ganglion and sublingual ganglion - afferences and efferences

a - ncl salivatorius sup
e - to lingual nerve

Sacral part of parasympathetic system groups into

pelvic splanchnic nerves