Chapter 22 Reading Quiz

What is the function of the exocrine gland of the pancreas?

Secretes enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

T/F: Both glucagon and insulin regulate the level of glucose in the blood.

TRUE

T/F: The diffuse pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) contain predominantly delta cells.

FALSE

What is the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

Obstruction of the pancreatic duct with active secretion of pancreatic juice

What two factors predispose a patient to acute pancreatitis?

Excessive alcohol and gallbladder disease

With which of the following functions does the chronic pancreatitis patient have difficulty?

Nutrient absorption

T/F: As a result of the cystic fibrosis gene mutation there is increased secretion of chloride and decreased reabsorption of sodium.

FALSE

What is the main stimulus for insulin release?

Elevation of the glucose in the blood following a meal

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common potentially lethal autosomal recessive disease in what ethnic group?

Caucasians

What percentage of cystic fibrosis patients have chronic pancreatitis due to mucous plugs in the small pancreatic ducts, blocking the secretion of pancreatic enzymes?

85%

Insulin stimulates endothelial cells to produce what, a potent vasodilator increasing blood flow to skeletal muscle?

Nitric oxide

T/F: Insulin stimulates the conversion of hepatic glucose into glycogen while suppressing the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

TRUE

T1DM occurs primarily at what age?

Childhood and puberty

What condition is often associated with T2DM?

Obesity

What is indicated by the term prediabetes?

The increased beta cell insulin production no longer keeping pace with the resistance of insulin targets

T/F: Glucose blood monitoring is generally done before and after eating, before stress, and if the patient recognizes the signs of low blood glucose.

TRUE

T/F: Metformin is used to manage glucose levels in T1DM patients

FALSE

T/F: A reduced intake of food and increased activity predisposes the T1DM patient to hyperglycemia

FALSE

What can the conscious hypoglycemic patient do to stop the insulin reaction?

Ingest a quick acting carbohydrate

T/F: Too much insulin causes a precipitous drop in the level of glucose in the blood and initiates a chain of events called insulin shock

TRUE

What happens when pancreatic cancer develops in the head of the pancreas?

Blockage of the bile duct

T/F: When beta cells give rise to insulin-secreting tumors, episodes of severe hypoglycemia are experienced.

TRUE

T/F: Carcinoma of the pancreas is relatively uncommon.

FALSE

Gout is sometimes a complication of diabetes.

False

Prediabetes is characterized by which of the following?

Higher than normal insulin

Obesity

Fat in the abdominal region

In severe diabetes, ketone bodies are produced at such a rate that the body cannot maintain the normal blood pH.

True

The terms diabetic acidosis and ketoacidosis describe the same condition.

True

The average life expectancy of someone with cystic fibrosis is 15 years.

False

Which of the following statements regarding cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is correct?

It is frequently associated with pulmonary infection.

It is transmitted as a recessive trait.

Thick mucus plugs pancreatic ducts, which undergo cystic dilatation.

Which of the following traits are consistent for people who have type 2 diabetes?

Plasma insulin is normal to high

Middle age or older

Persons who inherit certain HLA-D types are at increased risk of acquiring type 1 diabetes mellitus.

True

Which of the following is associated with chronic pancreatitis?

Impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients

Periodic elevated levels of amylase and lipase in bloodstream can be detected by laboratory tests

Repeated episodes of mild acute pancreatitis cause progressive destruction and scarring of pancreatic tissue

The release of epinephrine causes which of the following effects?

Rise in blood pressure

Hyperactive reflexes

Tremors