Public Health 101 Exam 1

During what time period was there an increase in access to clean water and urban sewers?

1840's - 1870's

During what time period did antibiotic use become widespread?

1950's - 1980's

During which time period did public health workers begin collecting data such as birth and death records to help monitor and control disease?

1840's - 1870's

What disease did John Snow investigate?

cholera

Who was the architect of the 1848 UK Public Health Act?

Edwin Chadwick

Who discovered vaccination?

Edward Jenner

Who conducted the first clinical trial with control groups to discover that scurvy could be cured with orange juice and lemon juice?

James Lind

Which of the following was NOT one of the 10 Leading Causes of Death in the year 1900 in the United States?

Diabetes Mellitus

Which of the following was a top leading cause of death in 2009 in the U.S, but was NOT a top leading cause of death in 1900 in the U.S?

Alzheimer's disease

Assurance definition

to ensure provision of services to those in need

Policy Development definition

to promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy and decision

Assessment definition

Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy communities

James Lind

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)

Edward Jenner

smallpox

Edwin Chadwick

initial 1848 UK Public Health Act

Top 5 Deaths in 1900 (US)

Pneumonia & influenza, TB, Diaherria, Heart Disease, Stroke

Top 3 Deaths in 2009 (US)

Heart Disease, Cancer, Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease, Stroke

What is on the top 10 list of deaths in 2009 that's not in 1900? (US)

Chronic lower respiratory disease, Alzheimers, Diabetes, suicide

what is the definition of Health?

A dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or informity

what is the definition of Public Health?

the science of protecting and improving health of people and their communities

3 Core Functions of Public Health

assessment, policy development, assurance

Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 essential services of public health?

A) Provide Universal Healthcare

B) Link to Services

C) Monitor Health

D) Assure Competent Workforce

Provide Universal Healthcare

Which of the following is not included in the PERIE approach for addressing public health issues?

Investigation

what does the PERIE approach stand for?

Problem, Etiology, Reccomendations, Implementation, Evaluation

5 Basic Disciplines of Public Health

Epidemiology, Statistics, Environmental Health Sciences, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Health policy & Management and (Disease Prevention)

primary disease prevention

prevents an illness before occurring at all

secondary disease prevention

minimizes severity of disease once it has occurred

Tertiary disease prevention

minimizes disability by providing medical care and rehab services

Which of the following is the basic science of public health that involves studying how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence or determine the distribution?

Epidemiology

Biology

Health Science

Statistics

Epidemiology

Statistics

used to calculate risks and benefits by collecting and analyzing health data

Environmental Health Science

investigates the relationship and risks of the physical environment around us and on our health (air and water quality, safe food and drugs, hazardous waste, climate change)

Health Policy and Management

examines the roles of policy, administration, and management for medical care, sets a general plan of action and fundamental guideline to make decisions.

Social and Behavioral Science

operates under the theory that the social environment affect's people's behaviors (tobacco use, poor diet)

In 1994 the U.S. Public Health Service developed 6 statement goals. Which of the following is NOT a Public Health in America Statement Goal?

To promote and encourage healthy behaviors

To reduce smoking among American teens

To prevent epidemics and the spread of disease

To prevent injuries

To reduce smoking among American teens

Which of the following is typically a role of the local health department?

Administration of state Medicaid program

Running a public health laboratory

Inspection and licensing of restaurants

Licensing health professionals

Inspection and licensing of restaurants

Which U.S. federal agency is the lead agency for prevention, health data, epidemic investigations, and public health measures aimed at disease control and prevention?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

National Institute of Health (NIH)

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Which organization has the authority to declare a "public health emergency of global concern"?

United Nations (UN)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

World Health Organization (WHO)

The World Bank

World Health Organization (WHO)

what is a risk factor?

any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury (not exercising, smoking)

Which act created the FDA?

The Food Safety Modernization Act

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

The Federal Food and Drugs Act

The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments

The Federal Food and Drugs Act

Which of the following is not an authority that has been granted to the FDA?

Approve and monitor drug advertising

Set nutrition standards for public school lunches

Ability to track foods (origin, date of production, etc.)

Place increased restrictions on who can prescribe a particular drug

Set nutrition standards for public school lunches

Which of the following is not one of the three main types of food contaminants?

Biological

Physical

Chemical

Synthetic

Synthetic

Anemia cause

iron deficiency

Scurvy cause

Vitamin C deficiency

Rickets cause

Vitamin D deficiency

Goiter cause

iodine deficiency

Phenylketonuria (PKU) cause

Genetic inability to metabolize phenylaline

During which phase of the FDA drug approval process are large randomized control trials conducted with the objective of establishing efficacy and investigating short-term safety?

Phase 3

Which of the following is not an example of a behavioral determinant of health?

Hand Washing

Drug Use

Diet

Occupation

Occupation

2 main factors of Determinants of Health

1. Contributory Causes

2. Determinants

6 Main Determinants of Health Categories

biological, behavioral, environmental, cultural, economic, and social

what is health equity?

the attainment of the highest level of health for all people.

what is a contributory cause

an immediate cause of a disease/ something that directly produces a disability or disease

what are Determinants of Health?

Circumstances or underlying factors that influence a person's health (can affect positively or negatively)

Which of the following is one of the 10 Key Categories of the Social Determinants of Health as outlined by the World Health Organization?

Stress

Culture

Genetics

Health Behaviors

Stress

Which of the following is NOT one of the TEN great public health achievements in the United States from 1900 to 1999?

Motor vehicle safety

Vaccination

Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke

Decline in deaths from breast and prostate cancer

Decline in deaths from breast and prostate cancer

`Which of the following is NOT a vaccine-preventable disease? (i.e., a disease for which we have no effective vaccine)

Measles

Hepatitis A

HIV/AIDS

Tetanus

HIV/AIDS

What is the only disease that has been fully eradicated?

smallpox

Which of the following is one of the 10 Great Public Health Achievements in the U.S. from 2001 to 2010?

Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention

Fluoridation of Drinking Water

Pasteurization of Milk

Development of Antibiotics

Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention

What year were antibiotics discovered?

1928

Which of the following is NOT a 21st century challenge to controlling infectious disease in the United States?

Large Foodborne Outbreaks

Acts of Bioterrorism

Inadequate Waste Disposal Systems

Drug-Resistant Infectious Diseases

Inadequate Waste Disposal Systems

Which of the following was not a Top 10 Global Cause of Death in 2016?

Tuberculosis

Stroke

Road Injury

Preterm Birth Complications

Preterm Birth Complications

Which of the following treatments has been found to be successful in reducing the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis?

Directly Observed Therapy (DOTS)