Great Depression, Bonus Army, and Dust Bowl Overview

What did not candidates believe in?

Capitalism- but knew reform was needed

What was the McNary-Haugen bill?

Created a federal farm board under authority of the Secretary of Agriculture raised prices

Why was this bill created?

There was a surplus of crops after WW1 because less people were buying crops so they wanted to control the surplus by distributing surplus, fixing prices, and purchasing unsold crops

What affect was the surplus causing?

Prices to drop

When did the bill fail to pass?

1924 HOR

When was the bill passed?

February 1927

What economy was on a major decline before the stock crash?

New construction- affected many industries

What was Black Tuesday?

The day the stock market crashed

What was the date of Black Tuesday?

October 29, 1929

What people assumed that the stock market would crash?

J.D. Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan Company

How many shares were sold on Black Tuesday?

16 million

What were the farming issues after World War I?

There was high demand for crops during the war but after the war there was a reduced demand for staple crops leaving farmers with huge surpluses of goods.

What were Durable goods?

Goods that lasted

What were the Causes of the Great Depression?

Stock market crash, overproduction of crops, major differences in income, trade tariffs

What is buying on margin?

Purchase of stocks that is paid for by using borrowed money as a down payment that may have interests

What were Dust Bowl causes?

Drought, wind, dry conditions, poor farming

What was the Results of the Great Depression?

Many people lost jobs, homes, had to wait in soup lines, limiting farming, the country was in poverty

Who are hoboes?

The people who became homeless when they were forced to leave to get better living conditions

What are 'Hoovervilles'?

Make shift towns (Shantytowns) for people who did not have homes

Who were these towns named after?

Herbert Hoover

What replaced the Fordney McCumber tariff?

Hawley-Smoot Tariff replaced Fordney-McCumber Tariff higher tariffs- hurt economy

What is the Harley-Smoot tariffs?

Raised tariffs to protect American industries and farmers from other countries competition

What Speculation was behind the stock market crash?

Some richer men like Rockefeller and Morgan speculated the market would crash so they sold their stocks early

Who is Walter Waters?

WW1 Veteran who heard about the bonus army

What did he do with the bonus army?

He worked to keep order during the D.C. bonus army march

Where was Waters from?

Portland, Oregon- Where he organized people to travel to D.C.

Who is Douglas MacArthur?

General who was ordered to send out his troops into the scene of the riot he then sent his troops to 11th street bridge and gave one hour before kicking everyone out

Bonus Army

A group of veterans who marched to Washington, D.C. to demand payment of bonuses they were promised.

Pelham Glassford

A police superintendent who worked with Waters and a WW1 veteran to keep order, using his own money to supply veterans with necessities.

Hoover's reaction to the Bonus Army

Hoover did not support paying the Bonus Army originally and forced the military to drive them out of D.C.

Hoover's hesitation about sending out the Bonus Army

He did not want to become unpopular, so he ordered the military to stop pushing veterans out, but they kept going anyway.

The Oakies

Migrant families who moved from the southern plains states (OK) to California during the Dust Bowl.

The Grapes of Wrath

A novel by John Steinbeck about the Joad family traveling from OK to California during the Dust Bowl in search of a better life.

1928 presidential candidates

Herbert Hoover (Republican) vs Al Smith (Democrat).

Hoover's story

He had the classic success story of growing up as an orphan and becoming a self-made millionaire from coal and oil.

Hoover's religion

He was a Quaker.

Hoover's education

He graduated from Stanford.

Hoover's actions after winning the presidency

He coordinated and handled the refugee problems in Belgium.

Hoover during WW1

He was part of the Food & General Relief Administration.

Hoover's government role

He was previously the Secretary of Commerce.

Roosevelt's corollary

Hoover rejected Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. would police the Western Hemisphere.

Al Smith's background

He was once the Governor of New York.

Al Smith's religious beliefs

He was a Roman Catholic and brought Catholic voters out for the first time.

Al Smith's view on Prohibition

He favored the repeal of Prohibition.

Group opposing Al Smith

The Ku Klux Klan.

Candidates' administrative skills

Both candidates were excellent administrators.

What happened in 1945

The end of WW2 and the start to the end of the Great Depression.

When did the Bonus Army finally get paid

In 1936, they received 500-600 dollars.

Who were seen as communists

The veterans fighting for their bonuses.

Hoover and MacArthur's belief about the marchers

They thought most were communist agitators, not WW1 veterans.

Government's hesitation to let anyone into California

The people were on low wages and had to work on big farms to make money.